Anthropology Ch 7
Which of the following species was a miniature hominid that lived on an Indonesian island until at least 50,000 B.P.?
Homo floresiencsis
With a cranial capacity of 600 to 700 cubic centimeters (cm^3), which of the following species was the first tool maker and was identified as the first member of the Genus Homo?
Homo habilis
Fossils remain at several sites in Europe, Africa, and Asia dating between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago may represent transitional species between Homo erectus, Neandertals, and anatomically modern humans. What species name has been assigned to this group?
Homo heidelbergensis
The name of the species associated with the skull identified as KNM-ER 1470 that has a brain size similar to Homo habilis and which may be closely related to Homo habilis or may even represent a female member of the species Homo habilis is ___________________________
Homo rudolfensis
A discovery in 1908 of a Neandertal skeleton turned out to be an old man with arthritis, but it gave us the popular image of a cave man who cannot walk upright. What is the name of the famous site where this Neandertal was discovered?
La Chapelle
Which site in southern France is important because it yielded evidence dating to 300,000 years ago of the ability to build huts and establish seasonal camp site
Terra Amata
Mousterian
Middle Paleolithic tool-making tradition associated with Neandertals
In 2010 scientists identifed the Denisovan hominin group as distant cousins to ___________
Neandertals
Paleolithic
Old Stone Age (from Greek roots meaning "old" and "stone"); divided into Lower (early), Middle and Upper (late)
Where did Time White discover an important specimen of Homo habilis identified as female in 1986?
Olduvai
The name for the period during which ancestors relied only on stone tools is _____________
Paleolithic
The earliest human ancestors appeared during the geological time period called the _______________ which began about two million years ago and endured until about 11,000 years ago
Pleistocene
Clovis Tradition
Stone technology based on a projectile point that was fastened to the end of a hunting spear; it flourished between 12,000 and 11,000 B.P. in North America.
Blade Tool
The basic Upper Paleolithic tool type, hammered off a prepared core.
Glacials
The four or five major advances of continental ice sheets in northern Europe and North America.
The blade tool-making traditions associated with early anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Europe are called _________________tools
Upper Paleolithic
Herto
Very early (160,000-154,000 B.P.) AMHs found in Ethiopia
Which of the following Neandertal characteristics are considered adaptations to a cold climate?
a stocky build and long, broad noses
Some of the first settlers came into North America following big game animals such as woolly mammoths ________________
across Beringia, the Bering land bridge that connected North America and Siberia
Blombos Cave and other sites in africa dating from 70,000-100,000 years ago provide early evidence of human symbolic behavior and artistic creativity. Which phrase best describes this evidence?
bone awls, polished weapon points, engraved red pigmented stone fragments, and barbed bone harpoon points created for beauty not just utility
How Homo erectus is like modern humans?
both share a similar height and body shape
H. floresiensis
diminutive small- brained hominins that inhabited the isolated Indonesian island of Flores between at least 700,000 B.P. and 50,000 B.P.
neandertals
distinctive group of hominins that inhabited Europe (through Siberia) and the Middle East from 130,000 to 28,000 B.P.
H. habilis
early hominin species (1.9- 1.44 m.y.a.), first discovered by L.S.B. and Mary Leakey in 1960; named habilis, meaning "able", for their presumed ability to make tools
What are some physical characteristics of Neandertals?
heavy brow ridges slanting foreheads
H. heidelbergensis
hominin group that lived in Europe, Africa, and Asia from about 850,000 to about 200,000 B.P.
What ability set apart Homo erectus from Homo habilis and Au. boisei?
hunting ability
What are long warm periods between ice ages?
interglacials
What are some characteristics of the oldest known hominin fossil in Europe
it's from Spain it's more than one million years old
The current prevailing view among scientists is that H. erectus _______________
split into separate groups, one ancestral to the Neandertals and the other ancestral to anatomically modern humans (AMHs)
In which of the following ways does H. rudolfensis differ from H. habilis?
the H. habilis skull has more marked brow ridge H. rudolfensis had canines facing the front of the jaw
Behavioral Modernity
the advent of modern human behavioral capabilities based on symbolic thought and language, in addition to modern anatomy
Which of the following best describes what anthropologist Richard Klein considers the beginning of behavioral modernity?
when human creativity appeared 45,000 years ago in ceremonial burials, jewelry, and symbolic cave painting commemorating hunts
Genetic material indicates that descendants of the Denisovans live in Papua New Guinea and which continent?
Australia
Upper Paleolithic
Blade tool-making traditions associated with AMHs; named from their location in upper, or more recent, layers of sedimentary deposits
A type of spear point called a(n) ____________ originated and spread throughout North America between 13,250 and 12.8000 years years ago.
Clovis point
Denisovans
Cousins of Neanderthals who lived in Asia from roughly 400,000 to 50,000 B.P.
Acheulean
Derived from the French village of St. Acheul, where these tools were first identified; Lower Paleolithic tool tradition associated with H. erectus.
Pleistocene
Epoch of Homo's appearance and evolution; began 2 million years ago; divided into Lower, Middle, and Upper.
In 1891 the fossil called "Java man" made _______________ famous as one of the first scientists to identify a "missing link" between apes and humans
Eugene Dubois
Which of the following statements are true according to the "Mitochondrial Eve" hypothesis?
Eve was a resident of Africa whose descendants left for other parts of the world Eve's descendants eventually colonized the world
interglacials
Extended warm periods between such major glacials as Riss and Wurm
H. (Homo) erectus
Hominin type that lived from approximately 1.9 to 300,000 m.y.a.; widely distributed throughout the Old World; immediate predecessor of Homo sapiens.
A possible ancestor to Neandertals and anatomically modern humans (AMHs) has been discovered in northern Spain at Atapuerca dating to 780,000 years ago. The name given to this species is __________________, although some scientists consider them to be Homo heidelbergensis.
Homo antecessor
Archaeological evidence of hearths from campfires has been found in Israel dating back to about 800,000 years ago and also found at several sites in South Africa dating to 500,000 years ago. Based on these dates, which human ancestral species would most likely have the first to master fire
Homo erectus
The human ancestral species ______________ is associated with the cave site in China known as Zhoukoudian, which contains hearths and large amounts of tools, animals bones, and the fossilized remains of more than 40 individuals
Homo erectus
Which of the following statements best describes the earliest migration of human ancestors out of Africa?
Homo erectus was the first species to range out of Africa for hunting and gathering
Which of the following tool types is associated with Homo erectus?
Acheulean hand axes
The oldest Homo habilis and Homo erectus fossils can be found on which continent?
Africa
anatomically modern humans (AMHs)
Including the Cro-Magnons of Europe (31,000 B.P.) and the older fossils from Skhul (100,000) and Qafzeh (92,000); continue through the present.
H. erectus remains have been found at which places?
Java Africa
Which of the following paleoanthropologists made Olduvai George in Tanzania famous by discovering the first tool maker and the first known representative of the Genus Homo?
L.S.B. and Mary Leakey
Where was the first evidence of Neandertals discovered in 1856?
Neander Valley, Germany
Mousterian tools include a wide variety of stone scrapers and notched tools designed to make clothing from animal hides and to be used for sawing and piercing. Which ancestral species made this tool type?
Neandertal
Which of the following statements best describes the cranial capacity (brain size) of Homo erectus compared with the australopithecine average?
the average cranial capacity of H. erectus at about 1,000 cm^3 was double the size of the australopithecines
What important information regarding Homo erectus was revealed by the famous fossil find known as Nariokotome boy?
the find suggested that the boy as an adult would have reached a height of six feet, approaching the height of modern humans
Which of the following occurred as a result of glacial retreat?
the quantity and variety of edible marine life increased the practices of gathering and reproducing plants grew in importance
Which of the following statements is true about the skeletons of Homo erectus and modern humans
the skeleton of H. erectus was similar to modern humans
Which of the following about H. antecessor are true?
the species may be a common ancestor of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans the first remains discovered date to 780,000 years ago
Which of the following statements about H. heidelbergensis fossils found Europe?
they are often found in caves they are more than 100,000 years old
Which of the following statements best describes the group that was ancestral to anatomically modern humans (AMHs)
they arrive in Europe from Asia
What is one characteristics of Neandertals?
they could be found in a wide variety of places
Great variation in mitrochondrial DNA among Africans means that ________________________
they have been evolving the longest amount of time
In which of the following ways did the Neandertals deal with cold environment that was cause by the Wurm glacial?
they hunted mammoths, reindeer, and woolly rhinos they made more elaborate tools they wore clothes
Which of the following statements about Denisovans are true?
they lived in Asia from roughly 400,000 to 50,000 years ago the split between ancestral Neadnertals and Denisovans happened when Neandertals spread west and the Denisovans headed east
Fossil finds at a site located at Dmanisi dating to 1.77 million years ago (m.y.a.) are significant because __________________________
they show when the first human ancestors spread out of Africa
Why are some tools considered part of the Upper Paleolithic tradition of toolmaking?
they were found in the upper layers of sedimentary deposits
Which of the following statements best describes the behavior of Homo floresiensis?
this small- brained species hunted elephants, made tools with small blades mounted on wooden shafts, and controlled fire