Anthropology Chapter 2

The human body contains roughly 100 trillion cells. Approximately what percentage of those cells are independent microorganisms?

90 percent

Anthropologists might BEST refute the idea that human culture is biologically determined by using which of the following observations?

All humans must eat, but eating habits vary across groups

According to Clifford Geertz, when one person winks at another, the symbolic meaning of the wink depends on the situation, the relationship between the people, and their ability to understand what is being communicated. This involves deep cultural knowledge. Hence, to fully understand the symbolic meaning of the wink, the anthropologist should use a perspective of

The interpretivist approach

A single McDonald's Happy Meal can symbolize major economic, political, and social forces present in U.S. culture. According to Clifford Geertz, the BEST way to identify these connections, is to use which of the following?

Thick Description

During the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011, regular citizens across Middle Eastern countries took to the streets to protest policies and treatment by government officials. These public protests were an example of the exercise of which type of power?

agency

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

attempts to comprehend the motives behind the 9/11 attacks

The nineteenth-century theory of unilineal cultural evolution held that, of all the world's cultures, Western cultures were the most

civilized

When the French government banned the use of religious symbols in schools in 2004, it focused not merely on people's individual beliefs but also sought to shape national society by creating new rules within an established

cultural institution.

In the United States, people drive on the right side of the road, while in Great Britain, people drive on the left. This is an example of a difference in which of the following?

cultural norms

The handshake as a form of greeting in the United States is an example of which of the following?

cultural symbol

Debates about privacy in post-9/11 American society are fundamentally debates about which of the following?

cultural values

In Samoan villages, parents do not use "baby talk" with infants, and they expect children to run simple errands when needed. These practices are BEST described as part of the Samoan system of Correct Answer

enculturation

Bertram marries someone from outside his cultural group. Which anthropological term best describes this situation?

exogamy

The Nazi regime used forms of material power such as political coercion and military brute force, but it also created generalized agreement among the German population about the "dangers" of Jews, Roma, and other groups. This type of societal agreement allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place and can BEST be described as

hegemony

Bedouin women living on the margins of society in Egypt are often illiterate but maintain rich traditions of oral poetry and song. Anthropologists point out that political and socioeconomic conditions - not a lack of interest in modern life - have shaped Bedouin women's current realities. This explanation is based on a perspective of which of the following?

historical particularism

Advances in seafaring technology allowed Europeans in the fifteenth century to travel farther and faster than before, thus seeing more of the diversity of the world's people. In response, they created the concept of "race," which divided the world's population into distinct categories and created a lasting and influential

mental map of reality

In Spain, "morning" lasts from the time a person gets up until about 2:00 p.m., when they eat the main meal of the day. In the United States, "morning" lasts from the time a person gets up until about 12:00 noon, when they eat lunch. This means that the concept of "morning" adapts to different

mental maps of reality

There is evidence that minority residents of Anytown have less access to resources such as strong schools, libraries, and recreational centers than their majority counterparts. This is an example of which of the following?

stratification

Imagine that you decide to study your workplace as an anthropologist. In your final analysis, you describe the owner and founder as "the brain" of the organization, the manager as the "heart and lungs," and the employees as "the muscular system." You note that each of these "parts of the body" has to do its job. If not, it must be repaired or replaced for the business to keep working smoothly. Your anthropological perspectives is BEST described as which of the following?

structural functionalism

The development of today's consumer culture requires that people continually desire and purchase new goods and services. This contrasts with the frugality and modesty of the so-called "Protestant ethic" of the past and represents a shift in cultural values. Which of the following bears the MOST responsibility for this shift?

the advertising and financial services industries

In human history, culture has played an important role in the physical evolution of the human body. Which of the following examples BEST illustrates this?

the development of stone tools

Which of the following research ideas BEST represents one that might deal with epigenetics?

tracking the long-term effects of radiation exposure on infants living near the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident