Anthropology Test 1

How Language and Power are Interconnected

* N Word * Mock Spanish * language and dialects * language and social stratification *Code-switching

what is culture?

A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people.

Which of the following languages is spoken in Guadeloupe, the country where Professor Managan conducts research?

French

not an effect of globalization on anthropology

Globalization enables anthropologists to study any societies that they wish. Globalization inhibits anthropologists from studying how isolated societies used to live.

effect of globalization on anthropology

Globalization led to the development of the field of anthropology. Globalization transformed the way anthropologists conduct research.

What is Black English Vernacular (or African American English) and how have scholars studied it?

Linguistic anthropologists and other scholars of language have extensively studied one particular form of English that is spoken by millions of African Americans in the United States. At times, this variation has been referred to as Black English, Black English Vernacular, African American Vernacular English, or African American English (AAE). The language habits of African Americans in the United States are not homogenous but vary according to region, gender, social class, and age, and not all African Americans speak AAE.AAE is a complete, consistent, and logical variation of the English language with a unique history and a distinct and coherent pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar

What is linguistic anthropology and related disciplines that study language discussed in the chapter?

Linguistic anthropology studies the nature of human languages in the context of those cultures that developed them. historical linguistics The study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations. descriptive linguistics phonemes, phonology, morphemes, syntax, grammar, kinesics, paralanguage, sociolinguistics

The Nacirema are found in:

North America

What is anthropology?

The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another.

How do we acquire culture?

Through enculturation. Different from ethnicity and nationality.

What is culture shock?

a sense of disorientation caused by the overwhelmingly new and unfamiliar people and experiences encountered

participant observation

an anthropologist living with the Bemba people of Zambia an anthropologist working in and studying corporate offices

not participant observation

an anthropologist working in an ngo an anthropologist studying the human effect on the environment

What do we know about human language and its relation to animal communication?

animals use call system of sounds and gestures, and human language uses symbols such as words sounds and gestures

Applied anthropology is an approach within the discipline that more and more anthropologists are taking. Identify the correct definition of applied anthropology.

applied anthropology refers to when anthropologists work outside of academia to address current world problems

What are the 4 fields of anthropology (know what each is, what kinds of things each studies)?

biological anthropology- The study of humans from a biological perspective, particularly how they have evolved over time and adapted to their environments. archaeology- The investigation of the human past by means of excavating and analyzing artifacts. linguistic anthropology- The study of human language in the past and the present. cultural anthropology-The study of people's communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions, including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together.

Globalization and the environment

climate change, global warming

not ways fieldwork affects anthropologist

creates ethnology reinforces preconceived ideas about culture

The study of the development of contemporary social networks through the technology of Facebook is an example of research in:

cultural anthropology

The lessons from the film The Grammar of Happiness

culture deeply influences language and his sometimes heated debates with linguistic Noam Chomsky over universal grammar. Although Everett is a linguist (not a linguistic anthropologist), his views are in line with a linguistic anthropological approach. Chomsky represents a different (formal linguistic) approach to language.

Effects of globalization on languages

diminishing language diversity hastening language loss

critics of globalization

distribution of wealth cultural homogenization

Emic v. etic

emic, from within the social group (from the perspective of the subject) and etic, from outside (from the perspective of the observer).

Which of the following best describes the anthropological approach to other cultures?

ethnocentrism

What kinds of research methods do cultural anthropologists use

ethnographic fieldwork A primary research strategy in cultural anthropology typically involving living and interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand lives reflexivity A critical self-examination of the role the anthropologist plays and an awareness that one's identity affects one's fieldwork and theoretical analyses. engaged anthropology applying the research strategies and analytical perspectives of anthropology to address concrete challenges facing local communities and the world at large 1. preparation 2. strategies 3.mapping 4.skills and perspectives 5.analysis multisited ethnography usually refers to the practice of an ethnographer undertaking research in, and between, several physical locations reflexivity reflexivity has come to have two distinct meanings, one that refers to the researcher's awareness of an analytic focus on his or her relationship to the field of study, and the other that attends to the ways that cultural practices involve consciousness and commentary on themselves.

What is fieldwork/participant observation?

ethnographic fieldwork A primary research strategy in cultural anthropology typically involving living and interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand their lives participant observation A key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people being studied..

What is ethnocentrism?

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

Identify the correct definition of globalization.

globalization refers to the increased movement and interaction of people, goods, ideas, and money worldwide

How does culture change?

globalization, migration, increasing cosmopolitanism

What is globalization?

globalization- The worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders. time-space compression The rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space (distances) and time. flexible accumulation The flexible strategies that corporations use to accumulate profits in an era of globalization, enabled by innovative communication and transportation technologies. increasing migration the accelerated movement of people both within countries and between countries. uneven development The unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization

what does the article on the nacirema teach us?

it demonstrates the problem of representation in ethnography. The purpose of article is to raise the question of how can we study a different culture from the outside and how can we understand our own culture

Proponents of Globalization

job opportunities for people in developing nations increased exposure to diversity

Ways Fieldwork Affects Anthropologists

makes the unfamiliar seem familiar makes the familiar seem unfamiliar

Norms, values, mental maps of reality

norms Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people. values Fundamental beliefs about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful mental maps of reality These are "maps" that humans construct of what kinds of people and what kinds of things exist.

What are the characteristics of culture?

norms, values,symbols,mental maps of reality,

Who are the Nacirema?

one of the most exotic cultures studied by anthropologists

How are culture and power interconnected? Know about hegemony and agency.

power The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence. Power in a culture reflects stratification—uneven distribution of resources and privileges—among participants that often persists over generations. hegemony The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force. agency The potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power.

What do anthropologists consider when writing up their research?

preparation strategies mapping skills and perspectives analysis

What is applied anthropology?

that is, they work outside of academic settings to apply the strategies and insights of anthropology directly to current world problems

What are the ethics guidelines that anthropologists follow?

the American Anthropological Association (AAA) has developed an extensive set of ethical guidelines, 1. do no harm 2. obtain informed consent 3. ensure anonymity

What is cultural relativism?

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

An insider's point of view that explains the meaning of a cultural practice is called the emic perspective.

true

Human beings almost everywhere are ethnocentric.

true

what is the naciremas culture like?

very strange. they used charms and potions.medicine men. bad beauty standards