AP 1 muscle tissue

place the events at a neuromuscular junction in order

1. arrival of nerve signal at synaptic knob 2. calcium entry into synaptic knob 3. exocytosis of ACh into synaptic cleft 4. binding of ACh to motor end plate

enzyme that breaks down the muscle neurotransmitter

acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

match the components of a muscle fiber with its description sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

the amount of additional oxygen that must be inhaled in order to restore pre-exercise levels is called oxygen

debt

the epimysium of a muscle is composed of __ connective tissue

dense irregular

match each skeletal muscle function with its description body movement

muscles contract and pull on the tendons that attach the muscles to the bones

protein filament that provides elasticity

titin

match each function of skeletal muscle with its description storage and movement of materials

voluntary sphincter muscles of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts can be kept closed or opened

The skeletal muscles arranged in layers along the walls of the abdominal cavity and the floor of the pelvic cavity perform what function

-contraction -compression -support -protection

a neuromuscular junction contains a(n)

-synaptic cleft -motor end plate -synaptic knob

place the following events in the correct order of occurrence once ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft of a NMJ

1. ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate 2. the resulting action potential moves down the sarcolemma 3. the action potential moves down the t-tubules 4. the action potential reached the terminal cisternae of the SR 5. calcium ions are released into the sarcoplasm

place the events of a neuromusclular junction in order

1. arrival of nerve signal at synaptic knob 2. calcium entry into synaptic knob 3. exocytosis of ACh into synaptic cleft 4. binding of ACh to motor end plate

place the stages of cross-bridge cycling in order

1. calcium binds troponin; myosin binding site uncovered 2. cross-bridge formation 3. power stroke 4. release of myosin head by ATP 5. reset of myosin head

The arrival of a nerve impulse at the synaptic knob of a motor neuron causes synaptic vesicles to release __ into the synaptic cleft

ACh

acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft is needed so that __ will not continuously stimulate the cell to contract

ACh

thick myofilaments are composed of bundles of what protien molecule

Myosin

receptors in the motor end plate bind with the neurotransmitter __ released from the synaptic knob

acetycholine

ACh is an acronym for

acetylcholine

contraction of a muscle fiber requires myosin heads in the thick filament bind to active sites on __ molecules within the thin filaments

actin

match the duration of a single muscle contraction with the source of ATP long term

aerobic respiration

a muscle cell obtains ATP in the short term via what process

anaerobic respiration

match the duration of a single muscle contraction with the source of atp short term

anaerobic respiration

in a muscle cell, the short term energy is supplied by __ respiration, while long term energy is supplied by __

anaerobic/aerobic

the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores __ ions needed to initiate muscle contracion

calcium

the walls of the heart are composed of __ muscle

cardiac

match each skeletal muscle function with its description posture

contraction of specific muscles stabilizes joints

match the duration of a single muscle contraction with the source of ATP immediate

creatine phosphate

when the thin and thick filaments meet

cross bridge

match each muscle unit with the connective tissue layer that surrounds it muscle cell

endomysium

match each muscle unit with the connective tissue layer that surrounds it muscle

epimysium

the synaptic knob of the neuron is an __ of an axon

extended tip

the __ line is a thin, transverse, protein meshwork structure in the center of the H zone of a sarcomere

m

in a motor unit, a single __ neuron typically controls numerous muscle fibers in a muscle

motor

match the components of a muscle fiber with its description t-tubules

narrow, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm

Aerobic respiration requires the presence of what molecule

oxygen

contractile unit of a muscle

sarcomere

within a myofibril, each __ shortens as the muscle fiber contracts

sarcomere

the motor end plate has folds and indentations to increase the membrane surface area adjacent to the

synaptic knob

where the neural transmitter is held until it is released

synaptic knob

a cord-like structure that attaches muscle to bone is a

tendon

when calcium ion bind to troponin, which of the following then occur

the myosin binding sites on actin are exposed

the H-band (or H-zone) is more lightly shaded because only __ fiaments are present

thick

the H-band (or H-zone) is more lightly shaded because only __ filaments are present

thick

under the light microscope, the dark (a) bands observed in skeletal muscle contain __ filaments

thick and thin

match the name of the muscle cell component with its function T-tubules

transports the action potential from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fiber

thin filament that covers the myosin binding sites

tropomyosin

the motor neutron transmitters the effect of a nerve impulse to the muscle fiber at a neuromuscular

junction

match the name of the muscle cell component with its function muscle fiber

metabolic activities; contraction

skeletal muscle contraction is controlled by __ neurons

motor

skeletal muscle fibers are __

multinucleated

myofibrils are made of

myofilaments

thick filament

myosin

the area where the neuron and motor plate meet

neural muscular junction

match each muscle unit with the connective tissue layer that surrounds it fascicle

perimysium

ATP is generated when the enzyme creatine kinase transfers Pi from creatine __ to ADP

phosphate

match the components of a muscle fiber with its description sarcolemma

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

match the name of the muscle cell component with its function sacrolemma

regulates entry and exit of materials

the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the

sacrolemma

thick and thin filaments maintain their __, whether the muscle is relaxed or contracted

same length

a contracting skeleton muscle fiber typically shortens as all of its __ shorten in length

sarcomeres

the cytoplasm of a skeleton muscle cell is referred to as

sarcoplasm

at the end of contraction, when the stimulation from the nerve impulse ceases, calcium ions are pumped back into the __

sarcoplasmic reticulum

match the name of the muscle cell component with its function sarcoplasm

site of metabolic processes for normal muscle fiber activities

Type 1 muscle fibers contract more __ than type 2a and 2b muscle fibers

slowly

what type of muscle forms the majority of the walls in the digestive system

smooth

match the components of a muscle fiber with its description sarcoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber

the muscle that surrounds the openings to your esophagus and opens reflexively to allow you to swallow food is what tipe of muscle

sphincter

match the name of the muscle cell component with its function sacroplasmic reticulum

stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

true or false: skeletal muscle is usually attached to the skeleton, but it is also found at the openings between the digestive tract and the external environment and the urinary tract and the opening to the external environment

true

ion that is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stimulated

calcium

which of the following proteins are found within a sarcomere

connectin/ actin

Acetylcholine moves across the synaptic cleft by

diffusion

a sarcomere is defined as the distance from one z __ to the next

disc

connective tissue that bundles a myofiber

endomysium

muscle cells are said to have what characteristic because they can respond to stimulation from the nervous system

excitability

intermediate fibers contract __ than slow fibers and __ than fast fibers

faster/slower

in a muscle contraction, as increasing numbers of motor units are recruited __ force is exerted

greater

match each function of skeletal muscle with its description temperature regulation

heat is produced as a waste product of energy usage

match the components of a muscle fiber with its description muscle fiber

a muscle cell

when a muscle fiber contracts, which parts of the sarcomere maintain a constant length throughout contraction

a-band