AP Bio Chapter 9 and 10 Test

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.

NADH

the light-independent reactions of plants function to make organic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What is the electron source that helps reduce carbon dioxide to sugars and other organic molecules?

NADPH

Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

C6H12O6 is oxidized and o2 is reduced

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP.

the large number of ATPs produced are

. inside the mitochondria matrix and leave through a channel protein.

Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ______ ATP molecules.

36

What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis? (graph question)

420mm

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate loses a carbon, which is given off as a molcule of CO2, is oxidized to form a two carbon compound called acetate and is bonded to coenzyme A. Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon from a molecule of pyruvate?

Acetyl CoA

An early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s) describes how he "grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water." At that time, the compounds in the air had not yet been identified. Today, you know that he only discovered half the story. Which additional experiment would provide evidence for the rest of the story? A. A very careful audit of the water taken in and lost by the tree would have revealed only half the added weight gained by the tree. B. Carbon is discovered as a major element in trees and is lacking in water molecules. C. Radioactive carbon in CO2 in the air is soon located as part of tree structures. D. The critical experiment involves the conversion of nutrients in the soil. E. All but the nutrient conversion is correct.

All but the nutrient conversion is correct.

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in

All respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors.

A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights... the dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will

Be higher in the light, but lower in the dark

Students conducted an experiment to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. They punched 40 leaf disks from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All leaf disks were resting on the bottom of the cups when the experiment began. The volume of liquid in each cup and the temperature of the solutions were held constant. All cups were placed 0.5 meters from the designated light source. A large beaker of water was placed between the light and the cups to act as a heat sink to prevent a change in temperature. At the end of 10 minutes, the number of disks floating in each cup was recorded. Use your knowledge of the mechanism of photosynthesis and the data presented in the chart to determine which of the statements below is a correct explanation for the students data.

Cup 4 had the slowest rate of photosynthesis because it had the least baking soda

A student placed 20 tobacco seeds of the same species on moist paper... The most probable cause for the difference in mean stem length between plants in dish A and plants in dish B is which of the following?

Elongation of seedlings in response to the lack of light.

Which of the following normally occurs regardless whether or not oxygen is present?

Glycolysis

A student placed 20 tobacco seeds of the same species on moist paper... According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is

Increased by exposure to light

The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?(graph question)

Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration.

Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

Although it is not possible to be exact about when eyanobacteria first appeared on Earth, most scientists agree that about 2 billion years ago, they expanded rapidly... this appearance of oxygen and the beginning of aerobic life was made possible by the appearance of

Photosystem II

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Regeneration of RuBP

A student placed 20 tobacco seeds of the same species on moist paper... Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that the difference in leaf color is genetically controlled?

The existence of yellowleaved seedlings as well as greenleaved ones on day 14 in dis B

Which of these is more closely related with the process if electron transport?

The pigment complex in the membranes of the thylakoide

Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration.

They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions

Why are plants green?

They reflect green wavelengths of light.

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate loses a carbon, which is given off as a molcule of CO2, is oxidized to form a two carbon compound called acetate and is bonded to coenzyme A. The three listed steps result in the formation of

acetyl CoA NAD+ ATP and CO2

In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is because chlorophyll is degraded and _____.

carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves

The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

glycolysis, preparatory reaction- citric acid cycle- electron transport system.

The Process of photosynthesis probably originated_____

in prokaryotes

CAM plants function using crassulacean acid metabolism. Like C4 plants, CAM plants provide a preparatory step for the Calvin cycle. CAM plants are found in hot, dry environments; to prevent dessication, they keep their stomata closed during the day. They take in carbon dioxide at night while stomata are open. To increase the concentration of carbon dioxide available to the enzyme rubisco and minimize the degree of photorespiration, the CAM plants carboxylate ________.

organic acids

What are the products of photosynthesis?

oxygen and carbohydrate

which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.

Which of the following takes place in the electron transport chain?

the extraction of energy from high-energy electrons

How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis related?

the products of light-dependent reactions are used in light-independent reactions

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.

Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from _____.

water

A student placed 20 tobacco seeds of the same species on moist paper... Additional observations were made on day 21, and no yellowleaved seedlings were found alive in either dish. This is most likely because

yellowleaved seedlings were unable to convert light energy to chemical energy