AP Bio Exam Review
For each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced?
10
If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
10
How many carbon atoms from one molecule of pyruvate enter the citric acid cycle?
2
What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?
2
Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree that binds to microtubules and prevents their depolymerization. Which phase of mitosis or cell division would be inhibited by treatment with Taxol?
Anaphase
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
Chloroplasts
hich of the following components make(s) up eukaryotic chromatin?
DNA and proteins
In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve?
It increases the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
A mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of an enzyme may have which of the following consequences?
It may change the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?
RNA
DNase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNase?
The bonds between deoxyribose phosphate groups would be broken.
Immediately after a membrane receptor protein binds to its ligand, which of the following processes occurs?
The membrane receptor protein undergoes a conformational change
Which of the following statements about a system at chemical equilibrium is true?
The system can do no work
Which of the following evolutionary adaptations would you expect to find in the cell membranes of Antarctic icefish?
a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It could be
a plant cell but not an animal cell
Progression through the M phase checkpoint is stimulated by a complex that does which of the following things?
activates separase to cleave cohesin proteins
Which functional group can act as a base?
amino
An integral membrane protein would have to be
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic region
Which of the following types of cells lack(s) a nucleus?
archaea
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large scale to smaller scale?
biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms
During intense exercise, as human muscle cells switch from respiration to fermentation, the cells will increase their catabolism of which of the following energy-containing molecules?
carbohydrates only
Which of the following reactions tend to require an input of energy?
dehydration
Which of the following structures play a key role in maintaining the structural integrity of animal tissues?
desmosomes and intermediate filaments
CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night when temperatures are cooler.
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
gap junctions
Which of the following indicates a primary path by which electrons travel downhill energetically during aerobic respiration?
glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
Which of the following descriptions constitutes a controlled experiment?
growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlings under red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks
In autotrophic bacteria, where are chlorophyll-like pigments located?
in infolded regions of the plasma membrane
The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
light energy
An enzyme-catalyzed reaction is conducted in a test tube with a fixed amount of enzyme. Increasing the substrate concentration in the test tube may overcome the effect of which of the following conditions?
presence of a fixed amount of a competitive inhibitor
When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?
primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole
In most plants the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis are transported out of the leaves to the rest of the plant as which of the following molecules?
sucrose
Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they are
synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?
the number of electrons in the valence shell
If plants are grown in the light with CO2 containing a radioactive isotope of oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O incorporated in organic molecules first appears in
the stroma
What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?
they are inversely related
How is the plant hormone ethylene delivered to target cells?
through the air