AP Bio Quarter 1 Test

What is true for carbohydrates? a. Carbohydrates are present only on the exterior surface of a membrane. b. Carbohydrates span only the interior of a membrane. c. Carbohydrates are in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside the cell. d. Carbohydrates are present only on the interior surface of a membrane.

A a. Carbohydrates are present only on the exterior surface of a membrane.This answer is correct. b. Carbohydrates span only the interior of a membrane. c. Carbohydrates are in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside the cell. d. Carbohydrates are present only on the interior surface of a membrane.

Why is it advantageous for the plasma membrane to be fluid? a. Fluidity allows greater flexibility to the cell and the motion of membrane components required for transport. b. Fluidity helps provide mechanical strength to the plasma membrane. c. Fluidity helps in maintaining the pH of the intracellular fluid and in maintaining the physiological pH of the cell. d. Fluidity helps only in transport of some materials, but does not contribute to the flexibility.

A a. Fluidity allows greater flexibility to the cell and the motion of membrane components required for transport.This answer is correct. b. Fluidity helps provide mechanical strength to the plasma membrane. c. Fluidity helps in maintaining the pH of the intracellular fluid and in maintaining the physiological pH of the cell. d. Fluidity helps only in transport of some materials, but does not contribute to the flexibility.

What is DNA's structure described as? a. A double helix b. A tertiary protein-like structure c. A barber pole d. A step ladder

A a. A double helixThis answer is correct. b. A tertiary protein-like structure c. A barber pole d. A step ladder

Which statement is false? a. Ionic bonds are generally stronger than covalent bonds. b. Electrons are equally shared in nonpolar covalent bonds. c. Electrons are unequally shared in polar covalent bonds. d. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds based on electrostatic forces.

A a. Ionic bonds are generally stronger than covalent bonds.This answer is correct. b. Electrons are equally shared in nonpolar covalent bonds. c. Electrons are unequally shared in polar covalent bonds. d. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds based on electrostatic forces.

How do phospholipids contribute to cell membrane structure? a. Phospholipids orient their heads toward the polar molecules and tails in the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer. b. Phospholipids orient their tails toward the polar molecules of water solutions and their heads toward in the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer. c. Phospholipids orient their tails toward the polar molecules and their heads toward the nonpolar side of the membrane, forming a bilayer. d. Phospholipids orient their heads toward the nonpolar molecules and their tails toward the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer.

A a. Phospholipids orient their heads toward the polar molecules and tails in the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer.This answer is correct. b. Phospholipids orient their tails toward the polar molecules of water solutions and their heads toward in the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer. c. Phospholipids orient their tails toward the polar molecules and their heads toward the nonpolar side of the membrane, forming a bilayer. d. Phospholipids orient their heads toward the nonpolar molecules and their tails toward the interior of the membrane, forming a bilayer.

What is found in RNA that is NOT in DNA? a. Ribose and uracil b. Deoxyribose and adenine c. Fructose and thymine d. Glucose and quinine

A a. Ribose and uracilThis answer is correct. b. Deoxyribose and adenine c. Fructose and thymine d. Glucose and quinine

What are classified as lipids? a. mRNA and DNA b. Oils and waxes c. Disaccharides and cellulose d. Essential amino acids

B a. mRNA and DNA Selected:b. Oils and waxesThis answer is correct. c. Disaccharides and cellulose d. Essential amino acids

The fatty acids of triglycerides are classified as saturated, unsaturated, or trans fat. What about the structure of these compounds gives them their physical characteristics? a. Saturated and unsaturated fats have stable configurations, while trans fats are transient. b. Unsaturated fats and trans fats have some double-bonded carbon atoms, while saturated fats do not. c. Saturated fats and trans fats contain the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, while unsaturated fats do not. d. Unsaturated and trans fats are the same; fatty acids are only found on opposite sides of a trans fat.

B a. Saturated and unsaturated fats have stable configurations, while trans fats are transient. Selected:b. Unsaturated fats and trans fats have some double-bonded carbon atoms, while saturated fats do not.This answer is correct. c. Saturated fats and trans fats contain the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, while unsaturated fats do not. d. Unsaturated and trans fats are the same; fatty acids are only found on opposite sides of a trans fat.

What type of protein facilitates or accelerates chemical reactions? a. A membrane transport protein b. An enzyme c. A hormone d. A tRNA molecule

B a. A membrane transport protein Selected:b. An enzymeThis answer is correct. c. A hormone d. A tRNA molecule

What is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Fructose c. Cellulose d. Lactose

B a. Sucrose Selected:b. FructoseThis answer is correct. c. Cellulose d. Lactose

What causes the changes in protein structure through its three or four levels of structure? a. The primary structure undergoes alternative splicing to form a secondary structure, and then disulfide bonds give way to tertiary structures. b. The primary chain forms secondary helix and pleated sheets that fold onto each other forming the tertiary structure. c. The primary structure undergoes alternative splicing to form secondary structures that fold on other protein chains to form tertiary structures. d. The primary structure forms secondary helix and pleated sheets. These further undergo phosphorylation and acetylation to form the tertiary structure.

B a. The primary structure undergoes alternative splicing to form a secondary structure, and then disulfide bonds give way to tertiary structures. Selected:b. The primary chain forms secondary helix and pleated sheets that fold onto each other forming the tertiary structure.This answer is correct. c. The primary structure undergoes alternative splicing to form secondary structures that fold on other protein chains to form tertiary structures. d. The primary structure forms secondary helix and pleated sheets. These further undergo phosphorylation and acetylation to form the tertiary structure.

Of these, what is a function of proteins in cells? a. Membrane fluidity b. Structure c. Gene storage and access d. Energy storage

B Structure

What happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide? a. The amino acid may not show any significant effect on the protein structure and function, or it may have a significant effect b. The change will definitely not be sufficient to have any effect on the function and structure of the protein c. These changes would modify the structures of proteins, making them nonfunctional. d. These changes would increase the possibility of having extra bends and loops in the proteins

A a. The amino acid may not show any significant effect on the protein structure and function, or it may have a significant effectThis answer is correct. b. The change will definitely not be sufficient to have any effect on the function and structure of the protein c. These changes would modify the structures of proteins, making them nonfunctional. d. These changes would increase the possibility of having extra bends and loops in the proteins

Which characteristic of a phospholipid increases the fluidity of the membrane? a. Unsaturated fatty acid tail b. Cholesterol c. Saturated fatty acid tail d. Its head

A Unsaturated fatty acid tail

In the metabolism of the cell, why is hydrolysis used? a. Hydrolysis is used to form linkages in DNA. b. Hydrolysis is used to break down polymers. c. Hydrolysis is used to produce proteins. d. Hydrolysis is used to synthesize new macromolecules.

A a. Hydrolysis is used to form linkages in DNA. Selected:b. Hydrolysis is used to break down polymers.This answer is correct. c. Hydrolysis is used to produce proteins. d. Hydrolysis is used to synthesize new macromolecules.

Which statement is NOT true? a. Water is the most abundant molecule in Earth's atmosphere. b. Water can stabilize the temperature of nearby air. c. Water is essential for life. d. Water is polar.

A a. Water is the most abundant molecule in Earth's atmosphere.This answer is correct. b. Water can stabilize the temperature of nearby air. c. Water is essential for life. d. Water is polar.

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure? a. protein b. carbohydrates c. cholesterol d. glycolipid

A protein

Pictured are two cells along with their radius. What does cell (b) likely have when compared to cell (a)? a. Smaller surface area-to-volume ratio b. Larger surface area and smaller volume c. Larger surface area-to-volume ratio d. Smaller surface area and larger volume

A Smaller surface area-to-volume ratio

Of what are phospholipids important components? a. The plasma membrane of animal cells b. The waxy covering on leaves c. The ring structure of steroids d. The double bond in hydrocarbon chains

A The plasma membrane of animal cells

During the breakdown of polymers, which reaction takes place? a. Hydrolysis b. Condensation c. Covalent bond d. Dehydration

A a. HydrolysisThis answer is correct. b. Condensation c. Covalent bond d. Dehydration

Why can some insects walk on water? a. Insects can walk on water because of its high surface tension. b. Insects can walk on water because they are denser than water. c. Insects can walk on water because it is a polar solvent. d. Insects can walk on water because they are less dense than water.

A a. Insects can walk on water because of its high surface tension.This answer is correct. b. Insects can walk on water because they are denser than water. c. Insects can walk on water because it is a polar solvent. d. Insects can walk on water because they are less dense than water.

What is the name for the formal process through which scientific research is checked for originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into the scientific literature? a. Peer review b. Scientific method c. Public speaking d. Publication

A a. Peer review This answer is correct. b. Scientific method c. Public speaking d. Publication

What is water's property of adhesion? a. The attraction between water molecules and other molecules b. The force that allows surface water molecules to escape and vaporize c. The intermolecular force between water molecules d. The force that keeps particles dispersed in water

A a. The attraction between water molecules and other moleculesThis answer is correct. b. The force that allows surface water molecules to escape and vaporize c. The intermolecular force between water molecules d. The force that keeps particles dispersed in water

What is cholesterol specifically classified as? a. A steroid b. A phospholipid c. A lipid d. A wax

A A steroid

What forms ionic bonds? a. Ions with opposite charges b. Ions with similar charges c. Atoms that share electrons equally d. Atoms that share electrons unequally

A Ions with opposite charges

Which statement is an example of deductive reasoning? a. Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the desert. Large leaves increase loss of water by evaporation. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller leaves. b. Mitochondria are inherited from the mother; therefore, maternally inherited traits are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. c. Most swimming animals use fins; therefore, fins are an adaptation to swimming. d. Mitochondria are inherited from the mother; therefore, maternally inherited traits are encoded by mitochondrial DNA.

A Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the desert. Large leaves increase loss of water by evaporation. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller leaves.

What role do electrons play in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? a. Electrons are transferred from monomers to H and OH ions in hydrolysis. They are transferred from OH and H to monomers in dehydration synthesis. b. Electrons are added to OH and H ions in dehydration synthesis. They are removed from OH and H in hydrolysis. c. Electrons are transferred from OH and H ions to monomers in dehydration synthesis. They are taken up by the H and OH ions from monomers in hydrolysis. d. Electrons are removed from OH and H in dehydration synthesis. They are added to OH and H in hydrolysis.

B Electrons are added to OH and H ions in dehydration synthesis. They are removed from OH and H in hydrolysis. c. Electrons are transferred from OH and H ions to monomers in dehydration synthesis. They are taken up by the H and OH ions from monomers in hydrolysis.

What is the basic structure of a steroid? a. Two six-carbon rings b. Four fused hydrocarbon rings c. Two fatty-acid chains and a phosphate group d. Glycerol with three fatty acid chains

B Four fused hydrocarbon rings

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? a. 27 b. 54 c. 100 d. 108

B a. 27 Selected:b. 54 This answer is correct. c. 100 d. 108

Which branch of science is NOT considered a natural science? a. Physics b. Computer science c. Astronomy d. Biology

B a. Physics Selected:b. Computer science This answer is correct. c. Astronomy d. Biology

Plant cell walls contain what in abundance? a. Starch b. Cellulose c. Glycogen d. Lactose

B a. Starch Selected:b. CelluloseThis answer is correct. c. Glycogen d. Lactose

Although the scientific method is used by most of the sciences, it can also be applied to everyday situations. A situation is given below. Using the scientific method try to arrange the given steps in the correct order. Situation: 1. If the car doesn't start the problem might be in the battery. 2. Car doesn't start. 3. After changing the battery. Car starts working. 4. The car should start after charging the battery or changing the battery. 5. The car doesn't start because the battery is dead. 6. The car doesn't start even after charging the battery, the battery must have stopped working. a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 b. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 c. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 d. 2, 1, 5, 6, 3, 4

B .2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

Consider the shapes. The diameter of the sphere is equal to 1 mm and the side of the cube is also equal to 1 mm. What is true regarding the surface-to-volume ratios of the cube and the sphere? a. The sphere will have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than the cube. b. The sphere will have a higher surface area than the cube. c. Their surface area-to-volume ratios will be equal. d. The sphere will have a higher volume than the cube.

C a. The sphere will have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than the cube. b. The sphere will have a higher surface area than the cube. Selected:c. Their surface area-to-volume ratios will be equal.This answer is correct. d. The sphere will have a higher volume than the cube.

Why does the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane point to a common ancestor? a. The lipid nature of the membrane makes it the most primitive trait. b. The similar effect of temperature on the membrane makes it the ancestral trait. c. The similar arrangement of phospholipids and proteins points to common ancestry. d. The presence of a cytoplasmic membrane in every organism does not point to a common ancestry.

C a. The lipid nature of the membrane makes it the most primitive trait. b. The similar effect of temperature on the membrane makes it the ancestral trait. Selected:c. The similar arrangement of phospholipids and proteins points to common ancestry.This answer is correct. d. The presence of a cytoplasmic membrane in every organism does not point to a common ancestry.

The word hydrolysis is defined as the lysis of water. How does this apply to polymers? a. Polymers are hydrolyzed into monomers using water in a process called dehydration synthesis. b. Polymers are synthesized by using the energy released by the breaking of water molecules into hydrogen and a hydroxyl group. c. Polymers break apart by separating water into hydrogen and a hydroxyl group that are added to the monomers. d. Polymers are separated into monomers, producing energy and water molecules.

C Polymers break apart by separating water into hydrogen and a hydroxyl group that are added to the monomers.

Which categories of amino acids would you expect to find on the surface of a soluble protein, and which would you expect to find in the interior? a. Nonpolar and charged amino acids will be present on the surface and polar in the interior of the membrane, whereas nonpolar will be found in the membrane-embedded proteins. b. Nonpolar and uncharged proteins will be found on the surface with nonpolar in the interior, while only nonpolar will be found in the embedded proteins. c. Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface, whereas nonpolar will be found in the interior. d. Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface of a membrane protein, whereas nonpolar will be found in the interior. The membrane protein will be polar and hydrophobic.

C Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface, whereas nonpolar will be found in the interior.

What are atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei called? a. Neutral atoms b. Ions c. Isotopes d. Isobars

C a. Neutral atoms b. Ions Selected:c. Isotopes This answer is correct. d. Isobars

What are three examples of how the characteristics of water are important in maintaining life? a. First, the lower density of water as a solid versus a liquid allows ice to float, forming an insulating surface layer for aquatic life. Second, the low specific heat capacity of water insulates aquatic life or bodily fluids from temperature changes. Third, the low heat of vaporization of water allows animals to cool themselves by sweating. b. First, the lower density of water as a solid versus a liquid allows ice to float, forming an insulating surface layer for aquatic life. Second, the low specific heat capacity of water insulates aquatic life or bodily fluids from temperature changes. Third, the high heat of vaporization of water allows animals to cool themselves by sweating. c. First, the lower density of water as a solid versus a liquid allows ice to float, forming an insulating surface layer for aquatic life. Second, the high specific heat capacity of water insulates aquatic life or bodily fluids from temperature changes. Third, the high heat of vaporization of water allows animals to cool themselves by sweating. d. First, the higher density of water as a solid versus a liquid allows ice to float, forming an insulating surface layer for aquatic life. Second, the high specific heat capacity of water insulates aquatic life or bodily fluids from temperature changes. Third, the low heat of vaporization of water allows animals to cool themselves by sweating.

C First, the lower density of water as a solid versus a liquid allows ice to float, forming an insulating surface layer for aquatic life. Second, the high specific heat capacity of water insulates aquatic life or bodily fluids from temperature changes. Third, the high heat of vaporization of water allows animals to cool themselves by sweating.

There is a lower limit to cell size. What determines how small a cell can be? a. The size of the cell should be large enough to reproduce itself. b. The cell should be large enough to adapt to the changing environmental conditions. c. The cell should be able to accommodate all the structures and metabolic activities necessary to survival. d. The cell should be large enough to escape detection.

C The cell should be able to accommodate all the structures and metabolic activities necessary to survival

What is the maximum number of atoms or molecules a single carbon molecule can bond with? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6

C a. 1 b. 2 Selected:c. 4This answer is correct. d. 6

What are the monomers that make up proteins called? a. Disaccharides b. Chaperones c. Amino acids d. Nucleotides

C a. Disaccharides b. Chaperones Selected:c. Amino acidsThis answer is correct. d. Nucleotides

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? a. Sugars b. Peptides c. Nucleotides d. Nitrogenous bases

C a. Sugars b. Peptides Selected:c. NucleotidesThis answer is correct. d. Nitrogenous bases

Which characteristic is NOT true for saturated fats? a. They contain mostly hydrogen and carbon atoms. b. They have single bonds within the carbon chain. c. They tend to dissolve in water easily. d. They are solid at room temperature.

C a. They contain mostly hydrogen and carbon atoms. b. They have single bonds within the carbon chain. Selected:c. They tend to dissolve in water easily.This answer is correct. d. They are solid at room temperature.

Which bodily process would most likely be hindered by a lack of water in the body? a. Breathing b. Protein synthesis c. Digestion d. DNA copying

C Digestion

What structural level of proteins is functional? Why? a. The tertiary structure is functional as it has the non-covalent and covalent bonds along with the subunits attached at the right places, which help it function properly. b. The secondary structure is functional as it attains its two-dimensional shape, which has the necessary bonds. c. The tertiary structure is functional, as it possesses the geometric shape showing the necessary loops and bends. d. The quaternary structure is functional, as it has the essential set of subunits.

C The tertiary structure is functional, as it possesses the geometric shape showing the necessary loops and bends.

What are (i) two topics that are likely to be studied by biologists and (ii) two areas of scientific study that would fall outside the realm of biology? a. (i) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution b. (i) plant responses to external stimuli, study of the shape and motion of physical objects; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution c. (i) diseases affecting humans, pollution affecting species' habitat; (ii) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits d. (i) plant responses to external stimuli, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution

C a. (i) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution b. (i) plant responses to external stimuli, study of the shape and motion of physical objects; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution Selected:c. (i) diseases affecting humans, pollution affecting species' habitat; (ii) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits This answer is correct. d. (i) plant responses to external stimuli, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution

What type of bond joins the molecules in the disaccharide lactose, and what molecule is joined with glucose to form lactose? a. A hydrogen bond between glucose and sucrose b. A glycosidic bond between glucose and lactose c. A glycosidic bond between glucose and galactose d. A hydrogen bond between glucose and fructose

C a. A hydrogen bond between glucose and sucrose b. A glycosidic bond between glucose and lactose Selected:c. A glycosidic bond between glucose and galactoseThis answer is correct. d. A hydrogen bond between glucose and fructose

Cellulose and starch are examples of — a. disaccharides b. monosaccharides c. polysaccharides d. lipids

C a. disaccharides b. monosaccharides Selected:c. polysaccharidesThis answer is correct. d. lipids

How do the differences in amino acid sequences lead to different protein functions? a. Different amino acids cause rearrangements of amino acids to produce a functional protein. b. Differences in amino acids lead to the recycling of proteins, which produces other functional proteins. c. Different amino acids produce different proteins because of the secondary bondsthey form. d. Differences in amino acids cause post-translational modification of the protein, which reassembles to produce a functional protein.

C Different amino acids produce different proteins because of the secondary bonds they form.

Read questions 1 through 4. Question 1. Is macaroni and cheese tastier than broccoli soup? Question 2. Are hummingbirds attracted to the color red? Question 3. Is the moon made out of green cheese? Question 4. Is plagiarism dishonest? Which questions lend themselves to investigation using scientific methods? In other words, is the hypothesis falsifiable (can be proven false)? a. Questions 3 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 1 and 2 can be tested using scientific methods. b. Questions 1 and 3 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 2 and 4 can be tested using scientific methods. c. Questions 1 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 2 and 3 can be tested using scientific methods. d. Questions 1 and 2 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 3 and 4 can be tested using scientific methods.

C a. Questions 3 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 1 and 2 can be tested using scientific methods. b. Questions 1 and 3 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 2 and 4 can be tested using scientific methods. Selected:c. Questions 1 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 2 and 3 can be tested using scientific methods.This answer is correct. d. Questions 1 and 2 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific methods. Questions 3 and 4 can be tested using scientific methods.

What may cause a protein to denature? a. Changes in pH b. High temperatures c. The addition of some chemicals d. All of the above

D a. Changes in pH b. High temperatures c. The addition of some chemicals Selected:d. All of the above

Why do hydrogen and oxygen form polar covalent bonds within water molecules? a. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms. b. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial negative charge near the hydrogen atoms. c. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial positive charge near the oxygen atom. d. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom.

D a. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms. b. Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen, generating a partial negative charge near the hydrogen atoms. c. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial positive charge near the oxygen atom. Selected:d. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom.

Where is the linkage made that combines two amino acids? a. Between the R group of one amino acid and the R group of the second b. Between the six-carbon of both amino acids c. Between the nitrogen atoms of the amino groups in the amino acids d. Between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other

D Between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other

What are four components of a plasma membrane? Explain each component's function. a. Phospholipids form the bilayer; carbohydrates are part of the cell's recognition sites; cholesterol provides flexibility to the membrane; integral proteins form transporters; intermediate filaments help in adhesion. b. Phospholipids form the bilayer; carbohydrates help in adhesion; cholesterol forms transporters; integral proteins provide flexibility; peripheral proteins are part of the cell's recognition sites. c. Phospholipids form the bilayer; carbohydrates function as adhesion; cholesterol provides flexibility to the membrane; integral proteins form transporters; intermediate filaments are part of the cell's recognition sites. d. Phospholipids form the bilayer; carbohydrates help in adhesion; cholesterol provides flexibility; integral proteins form transporters; peripheral proteins are part of the cell's recognition sites.

D Phospholipids form the bilayer; carbohydrates help in adhesion; cholesterol provides flexibility; integral proteins form transporters; peripheral proteins are part of the cell's recognition sites.

In addition to a plasma membrane, eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria, also have membranes. In which way would these membranes differ? a. Only certain membranes are selectively permeable b. The proportion of phosphate within the phospholipids will vary c. Only certain membranes contain phospholipids d. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates will vary

D The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates will vary

Which fat serves as an animal's major form of energy storage? a. Cholesterol b. Phospholipid c. Glycerol d. Triglycerides

D a. Cholesterol b. Phospholipid c. Glycerol Selected:d. Triglycerides

Why are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions necessary for cells? a. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form strong associations between the same molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for acids to function in the body. b. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form strong associations between molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for DNA and proteins to function in the body. c. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form weak associations between different molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for acids to function in the body. d. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form weak associations between molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for DNA and proteins to function in the body.

D a. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form strong associations between the same molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for acids to function in the body. b. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form strong associations between molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for DNA and proteins to function in the body. c. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form weak associations between different molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for acids to function in the body. Selected:d. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions form weak associations between molecules, providing the necessary shape and structure for DNA and proteins to function in the body.

Which fat has the least number of hydrogen atoms? a. Trans fat b. Wax c. Saturated fat d. Unsaturated fat

D a. Trans fat b. Wax c. Saturated fat Selected:d. Unsaturated fat

Why do phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane? a. Phospholipids are hydrophilic molecules. The polar head faces toward water, and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face toward other fatty acid tails. b. Phospholipids are lipophilic molecules. The polar head faces toward water, and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face toward other fatty acid tails. c. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The nonpolar head faces toward other fatty acid tails, and the polar fatty acid tails face toward water. d. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The polar head faces toward water, and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face toward other fatty acid tails.

D Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The polar head faces toward water, and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face toward other fatty acid tails.

Which type of bond exemplifies a weak chemical bond? a. Ionic bond b. Covalent bond c. Nonpolar covalent bond d. Hydrogen bond

D a. Ionic bond b. Covalent bond c. Nonpolar covalent bond Selected:d. Hydrogen bond

What may a nucleotide of DNA contain? a. Ribose, uracil, and a phosphate group b. Deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group c. Ribose, thymine, and a phosphate group d. Deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

D Deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

Where is cholesterol found in cell membranes? a. Floating in the phospholipid tail layer b. Attached to the outer side of the membrane c. Attached to the inner side of the membrane d. Penetrating both lipid layers

D Penetrating both lipid layers

What property of water makes it a good insulator within the bodies of endothermic (warm-blooded) animals? a. Adhesion b. Surface tension c. Heat of vaporization d. Specific heat capacity

D a. Adhesion b. Surface tension c. Heat of vaporization Selected:d. Specific heat capacity

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of what? a. Monomers b. Carbohydrates only c. Water only d. Polymers

D a. Monomers b. Carbohydrates only c. Water only Selected:d. Polymers

Energy is released as a result of which chemical reaction? a. Condensation b. Dissolution c. Dehydration synthesis d. Hydrolysis

D hydrolysis

What type of amino acids would you NOT expect to find on the surface of proteins that must interact closely with water? a. Basic amino acids b. Polar amino acids c. Acidic amino acids d. Nonpolar amino acids

D Nonpolar amino acids

What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers? a. Amino acids b. Carbon c. Hydroxyl groups d. Phosphates

D Phosphates

What is a suggested and testable explanation for an event called? a. Discovery b. Theory c. Scientific method d. Hypothesis

D a. Discovery b. Theory c. Scientific method Selected:d. Hypothesis