ap bio topic 2: the cell questions
golgi bodies
the skin is the body's largest organ. It's made ip of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolent radiation. sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The type of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
apoptosis and lysis of damaged cells
the skin is the body's largest organ. It's made ip of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolent radiation. sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The type of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. if the melanin production were not sufficient to prevent UV damage to the DNA, which of the following would you expect?
mitochondria
these organelles are not found in red blood cells but are present in large numbers in muscle cells
opening and closing of ligand gated ion channels
In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions regulated?
easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer
Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids...
activation of g protein-coupled receptors
Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except - regulation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules - enzyme activation - activation of g protein coupled receptors - activation of receptor tyrosine kinases
Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A
The drawing above shows two solutions of glucose and sucrose in a U-tube containing a semipermeable membrane (which allows the passage of sugars). Which of the following accurately describes what will take place next?
Be hypertonic to Tank B
after the reverse osmosis system has been operating for the 30 minutes the solution in tank a would
active transport
an atp powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of another solute in a mechanism called cotransport. this is shown in the figure above. the cotransporter protein is able to use the diffusion of H+ ions down to their electrochemical gradient into the cell to drive the uptake of sucrose into the cell. by what process are H+ ions being moved in this figure?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
an organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes and is abundant in cells that detoxify poisons, such as liver cells
golgi apparatus
an organelle with a cis and trans face which acts as the packaging and secreting center of the cell
decreased the extracellular pH
based on the figure above, how might the rate of sucrose into the cell be increased?
ER --> golgi apparatus --> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This tagging of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. in this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. what is its most likely pathway?
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm of the cell
glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells
earl sutherland received the nobel prize for his discovery of cAMP as a second messenger. Which observation suggested to sutherland in the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?
synthesis (s phase)
failure of this stage to occur prior to mitosis would result in daughter cells without sufficient DNA
have half the genetic material found in the parent cell
if the s phase was eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would...
cytokinesis
if this did not occur, daughter cells would have two complete sets of chromosomes
the water to reverse flow from tank b to tank a
if you shut the system off and pressure was no longer applied to tank you would expect...
rough ER --> golgi body --> vesicle --> plasma membrane
insulin is a protein synthesized in the cytoplasm of pancreas cells and then transported to the plasma membrane where it enters the blood stream. Which of the following summarized the pathway for insulin through a pancreatic cell?
lysosomes
large membrane bound structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes and that are found predominantly in animal cells
passive diffusion
large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes
Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A
look at the same figure, but lets assume the membrane is not freely permeable to both glucose (C6H12O6) and sucrose (C12H22O11) but only to the smaller of the two sugars. Now what results would you predict?
relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to
linear chromosomes
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following structures in common except - a plasma membrane - cytoplasm - linear chromosomes - ribosomes
ribosomes
salivary glands produce a large quantity of enzymes, which are transported out of the secretory cells. Which of the following organelles would be in abundance in these cells
anaphase
sister chromatids begin to seperate
gap 1
the cell is carrying out its typical functions not engaged in producing molecules necessary for division
mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes
the endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence expect the fact that - mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes - mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes - chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes - chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes
diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
the fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
synthesis (s phase)
the genetic material of the cell replicates to prepare for cell division
the water level will go up in side A
using the same figure and assumption as for question 10 (selectively permeable to smaller of two sugars) what effect will the movement of the sugar have on the water level in the tubes?
a protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that becomes activated by a receptor protein
what is a g protein?
cell a
which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell?
protein kinase
which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
protein
which of the following component molecules of the plasma membrane is most important in the reception phase of cell signaling?
active transport
which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
testosterone, a steroid hormone
which of the following signal molecules pass through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors that move into the nucleus and function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression?
the cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors
which of the following statements regarding the cell cycle control system is false? - the cell cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division - the cell cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle - the cell cycle control system includes fluctuating levels of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases - the cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors
the movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane
which of the following uses passive transport, without protein channels, to move materials across the membrane?
cells a and d
which two figures show a cell that is hypertonic to its enviroment
Mix the blood in a hypotonic solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.
white blood cells (WBCs) are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs). when looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?
