AP Biology Ch. 25 Quiz

Use the following information to answer the question. A sediment core is removed from the floor of an inland sea. The sea has been in existence, off and on, throughout the entire time that terrestrial life has existed. Researchers wish to locate and study the terrestrial organisms fossilized in this core. The core is illustrated as a vertical column, with the top of the column representing the most recent strata and the bottom representing the time when land was first colonized by life. If arrows indicate locations in the column where fossils of a particular type (see key) first appear, then which core in the figure above has the most accurate arrangement of fossils?

Core A

Which of the following characteristics are expected in the first animals to have colonized land? I)They were probably herbivores (ate photosynthesizers). II)Animals had four appendages. III)Animals had the ability to resist dehydration. IV)Animals had lobe-finned fishes as ancestors. V)Invertebrates

I, III and V

A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of ________.

a change in a developmental gene or its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts

You are the lucky student of a wacky professor who develops a time machine. He asks if you will test it with him. You get in, and there is an immediate glitch—the date readout fails so that when you land, you are not sure what era you are in. Your professor begins to panic, but you see something that tells you are in the Cenozoic era. Which of the following could it be?

a rabbit eating a daisy

Upon being formed, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon?

a variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation

The following question is based on the observation that several dozen different proteins comprise the prokaryotic flagellum and its attachment to the prokaryotic cell, producing a highly complex structure. If the complex protein assemblage of the prokaryotic flagellum arose by the same general processes as those of the complex eyes of molluscs (such as squids and octopi), then ________.

ancestral versions of this protein assemblage were either less functional or had different functions than modern prokaryotic flagella

How was early Earth from more than three billion years ago different from today's Earth? Unlike Earth today, early Earth ________.

had an atmosphere rich in gases released from volcanic eruptions

The loss of ventral spines by modern freshwater sticklebacks is due to natural selection operating on the phenotypic effects of Pitx1 gene ________.

silencing (loss of expression)

Many species of snakes lay eggs. However, in the forests of northern Minnesota, where growing seasons are short, only live-bearing snake species are present. This trend toward species that have live births in a particular environment is an example of ________.

species selection

What major innovations of the three radiations was associated with defying gravity to facilitate life on land?

stems