AP Biology Unit 1

What did Darwin learn from Thomas Malthus's essay?

All species produce more offsprings than their environment can support.

What must be true of any organ that is described as vestigial? A) It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. B) It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor. C) It must be both homologous and analogous to some feature in an ancestor. D) It need be neither homologous nor analogous to some feature in an ancestor.

B) It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor.

If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that A) they live in very different habitats. B) they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms. C) their chromosomes should be very similar. D) they shared a common ancestor relatively recently. E) they should be members of the same genus.

B) they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms.

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals? A) homologous; homologous B) analogous; homologous C) homologous; analogous D) analogous; analogous

C) homologous; analogous

What is true of pseudogenes? A) They are composed of RNA, rather than DNA. B) They are the same things as introns. C) They are unrelated genes that code for the same gene product. D) They are vestigial genes.

D) They are vestigial genes.

In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of who?

Lamarck

Catastrophism was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of what?

The fossil record