AP Chapter 1

On average the resting heart rate of a healthy, normal adult human is between 70 and 80 beats per minute (bpm). A marathon runner may have a resting heart rate of 55 bpm. This is an example of

A pathological physiological variation

The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four is an example of ____________ variation among organisms.

Anatomical variation

The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column.

Anterior

The trachea is _____ to the esophagus.

Anterior

In the cat, the head is _________ to the tail, whereas in the human the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock).

Anterior; superior

Lateral

Away from middle of body (R and L)

Distal

Away from point of attachment

Deep

Away from surface

The plural of axilla (armpit) is ____________ whereas the plural of appendix is ___________

Axillae; appendices

Posterior (dorsal)

Back of body

Inferior

Below, away from the head

The prefix hypo- means _______________, whereas hyper- means _____________.

Below; above

A human body specimen used for dissection is called a ______________.

Cadaver

In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ___________ region.

Carpal; tarsal

____ are the simplest body structures considered alive a. Organs b. Organ systems c. Molecules d. Cells

Cells

What system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

Circulatory system

Superficial

Closest to surface

Understanding the respiratory function of mice, helps us understand the respiratory function of humans. This is an example of ______________

Comparative physiology

The ___ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the ___ region of the same limb a. Tarsal; crural b. Antebrachial; brachial c. Brachial; femoral d. Femoral; crural

Femoral; crural (thigh & shin)

Anterior (Ventral)

Front of body

The image of a typical chest X-ray shows a _____ view of the thoracic region.

Frontal

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the _____ plane.

Frontal

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates release of the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates body cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream. This reduces blood glucose concentration. This is an example of

Negative Feedback

What is most likely to cause disease?

Positive feedback

The vertebral column encloses the

Vertebral canal

The plural of villus (hair) is ____________ whereas the plural of diagnosis is ____________

Villi; diagnoses

The ______ wraps around the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Visceral peritoneum

transverse plane

line that divides the body into upper and lower sections

When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises. Blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat. This is an example of

negative feedback

The ability to maintain internal stability is called

homeostasis

The thymus, spleen, and tonsils are principal organs of this system.

Lymphatic system

The interscapular region is ______ to the scapular region.

Medial

The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the

Mediastinum

frontal plane

divides body into front and back

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

Superior

Above, towards the head

Metabolism is the sum of

Anabolism and catabolism

The visceral pericardium is ________ to the parietal pericardium

Deep

The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of __________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of __________________ a. growth; development b. development; differentiation c. differentiation; development d. growth; differentiation

Development; differentiation

The system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Digestive

All of the following are organs except: a. Liver b. Digestive system c. Teeth d. Nails

Digestive system

Historically, the most accurate study of the body began with

Dissection

Hypercalcemia means

Elevated calcium levels in blood

These two systems control and coordinate the 50 trillion cells in a human.

Endocrine and nervous systems

The study of the structure and function of the hormone-producing glands is called

Endocrinology

All of the following are human organ systems except a. Epidermal b. Skeletal c. Lymphatic d. Endocrine

Epidermal

Cervical dysplasia is a condition in which the cells of the cervix develop abnormally. The doctor who diagnoses this is a(n) a. Radiologist b. Orthopedist c. Histopathologist d. Endocrinologist

Histopathologist

The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the _________ regions. a. Lateral abdominal b. Hypochondriac c. Hypogastric d. Epigastric

Hypochondriac

The urinary bladder is located in the __________ region.

Hypogastric

The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae.

Inferior

This system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production.

Integumentary system

The stomach is located mainly in which quadrant of the abdomen?

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Negative feedback loops are

Not homeostatic

List the levels of the human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissue types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.

Organ; organelles

Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position? a. Arms at sides b. Face and eyes facing forward c. Standing erect d. Palms facing posteriorly

Palms facing posteriorly

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________

Palpation; percussion

The ________ is an organ directly associated with both the _____ systems a. Pancreas; digestive and endocrine b. Testis; male reproductive and urinary c. Small intestine; digestive and integumentary d. Stomach; digestive and reproductive

Pancreas; digestive and endocrine

The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the

Peritoneum

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of

Positive feedback

Lists the body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

The most _____ part of the small intestine is the part closest the stomach.

Proximal

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by

Serous membranes

Which is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus?

Sonography

The right shoulder is ______ and __________ to the umbilical region a. Posterior; lateral b. Inferior; medial c. Inferior; lateral d. Superior; lateral

Superior; lateral

The most superior segment of the upper limb is called

The brachial region

The brain and the spinal cord are protected by ____ _________

The meninges

When writing his/her notes, a doctor mistakenly misspells the intended word "ileum" as "ilium", stating "examine the ilium further". What is the possible outcome of this mistake? a. The next practitioner may mistakenly examine the intestines when he/she should have been examining the hip b. The next practitioner may mistakenly examine the hip when he/she should have been examining the intestines c. The practitioner may mistakenly examine the lungs when he/she should have been examining the knee d. The practitioner may mistakenly examine the knee when he/she should have been examining the lungs

The next practitioner may mistakenly examine the intestines when he/she should have been examining the hip

The __________ cavity is inferior to the _____________ cavity a. Thoracic; abdominopelvic b. Pericardial; pleural c. Thoracic; peritoneal d. Thoracic; cranial

Thoracic; cranial

The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____ a. Cranial; meninges b. Thoracic; pericardium c. Pericardial; peritoneum d. Pericardial; pleura

Thoracic; pericardium

The ___ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the ___ a. Thoracic; pleurae b. Abdominopelvic; peritoneum c. Thoracic; pericardium d. Abdominopelvic; pleurae

Thoracic; pleurae

Which of the following is not a condition that could result in physiological variation? a. sex b. age c. time of day d. diet

Time of day

A(n) _____________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function.

Tissue

Medial

Towards middle of body (R and L)

Proximal

Towards point of attachment

Which is the only plane that allows one to see both kidneys and the umbilicus at the same time?

Transverse

When examining a patient, a nurse notices that the right kidney is not in its usual location. This most likely means

anatomical variation