ap classroom questions

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,00093,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain? A 930930 kilocalories B 9,3009,300 kilocalories C 93,00093,000 kilocalories D 930,000930,000 kilocalories

A 930930 kilocalories

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes? A Freshwater and marine biomes are evenly distributed on Earth. B Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water. C Freshwater biomes supply a greater portion of Earth's oxygen than marine biomes. D Marine biomes include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

B Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship? A Striped bass and bluefish eat the same variety of mackerel. B Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans. C Mountain lions feed on white-tailed deer. D Marsupial animals carry their young in a pouch.

B Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following? A Providing a valuable source of timber B Providing habitats for wildlife C Contributing to soil erosion D Increasing water runoff E Removing carbon dioxide from the air

B Providing habitats for wildlife

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon? A Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze. B Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere. C Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere. D Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means. E Carbon released by the burning increases plant growth, producing more carbon for the atmosphere.

C Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes? A Oxygen B Calcium C Phosphorus D Carbon E Iron

C Phosphorus

Five different species of warblers, seed-eating birds, live in the same species of conifer trees. All of the birds migrate to coniferous forests during the summer, and different species reside in different areas in the same tree. They feed on the seeds of the conifer trees, but the different species do not mate with each other. Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees? A Not all the warblers are residents in the forest at the same time of the year because of different migration patterns. B Physiological differences in beak structure allow the warblers to consume different species of seeds through symbiotic relationships. C Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree. D Niche overlap occurs between the five different species, and living in the same tree increases competition for seeds.

C Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population? A Resource partitioning allows similar species to coexist in the same ecological community. B The number of fish surviving after one year is proportional to the number of eggs produced. C The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings. D More yearling fish survive beyond one year when there is an abundance of prey species present.

C The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000kcal/m2/yr175,000kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr115,000kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem? A 60,000kcal/m2/yr60,000kcal/m2/yr B 115,000kcal/m2/yr115,000kcal/m2/yr C 175,000kcal/m2/yr175,000kcal/m2/yr D 290,000kcal/m2/yr

D 290,000kcal/m2/yr

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round. A Savanna B Boreal forest C Tropical rain forest D Desert

D Desert

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment? A Composted manure is added to agricultural soil during spring tilling. B Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current. C Plants release O2 into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. D Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation. E A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside.

D Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of A primary and secondary succession B the invasion of exotic species C an increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation D an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation E an increase in the total annual hours of sunlight

D an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation