AP classroom unit 1
Which of the following best describes the process that adds a monosaccharide to an existing polysaccharide? A. The monosaccharide is completely broken down by a specific enzyme and then the atoms are reorganized and made into a polysaccharide. B. Ionic bonds are formed between adjacent carbon atoms of the monosaccharide and the polysaccharide by adding water (H2O) and a specific enzyme. C. A specific enzyme removes the hydrogen (H) from the monosaccharide and the hydroxide (OH) from the polysaccharide, creating a bond between the two and creating a water (H2O) molecule. D. A specific enzyme removes two hydroxides (OH), one from the monosaccharide, and one from the polysaccharide, creating a bond between the two monosaccharides and creating a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecule.
C
Which of the following describes a key difference among the 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins? A. Only some amino acids have an R-group. B. Only some amino acids have a carboxyl group (COOH). C. Some amino acids are hydrophobic. D. Some amino acids contain the element phosphorus.
C
Which of the following is common feature of the illustrated reactions showing the linking of monomers to form macromolecules? A. Two identical monomers are joined by a covalent bond. B. Two different monomers are joined by a covalent bond. C. Monomers are joined by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is produced. D. Monomers are joined by ionic bonds, and a water molecule is produced.
C
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the difference in leaf growth?(one plant is phosphorus sufficient, the other one is phosphorus-starved) A. The phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both the required proteins and lipids, limiting growth. B. The phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both the required proteins and carbohydrates, limiting growth. C. The phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both the required nucleic acids and lipids, limiting growth. D. The phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both the required carbohydrates and nucleic acids, limiting growth.
C
An amino acid must have which of the following properties in order to be incorporated into a polypeptide? A. The ability to remain stable in the presence of water molecules B. An R-group that is compatible with the R-group of the last amino acid incorporated C. A central carbon atom that reacts with a nitrogen atom to form the peptide bond D. The ability to form a covalent bond with both its NH2 group and its COOH group
D
Which of the following statements is correct about the molecule DNA ? A. It is RNA because of the relative direction of the two strands. B. It is RNA because of the number of different nucleotides found in the molecule. C. It is DNA because of the nature of the hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine. D. It is DNA because of the nucleotides present.
D
Which of the following would most likely occur if cattle lost the ability to maintain a colony of microorganisms in their digestive tract? A. Cattle would no longer be able to synthesize cellulose. B. Cattle would have to convert cellulose to starch before digesting it. C. Cattle would have to start producing enzyme B without the help of the bacteria. D. Cattle would no longer be able to use cellulose as a primary source of glucose.
D