AP CSP Unit 2

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet

The Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

Choose the two statements that best describe the relationship between HTTP and the World Wide Web: 1. the world wide web is a protocol used for sharing HTTP messages 2. the world wide web is a collection of pages and files that is shared between computers using HTTP 3. computers will send information using either HTTP or the World Wide Web, but not both 4. HTTP and the World Wide Web both rely on other layers of protocols for sending information on the Internet

the world wide web is a collection of pages and files that is shared between computers using HTTP; HTTP and the World Wide Web both rely on other layers of protocols for sending information on the Internet

Pick two: if the post office delivered mail exactly like the routers deliver messages on the Internet, which of the following statements would be true? 1. one mailman would be responsible for delivering a letter from sender to receiver 2. the mailman would sometimes take a different path to deliver each letter to your home 3. letters would be written on the outside of the envelope for all to read instead of letters put inside envelopes 4. your mail could not be delivered if a road your mailman was planning to take were under construction

2. the mailman would sometimes take a different path to deliver each letter to your home 3. letters would be written on the outside of the envelope for all to read instead of letters put inside envelopes

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

Datastream

Information passed through the internet in packets

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message

How does the Internet Protocol (IP) allow devices to easily connect and communicate on the Internet?

Internet Protocol allows devices to easily connect and communicate on the Internet by having a shared protocol through which data can be sent across the Internet through unique numbers, or IP addresses, to each connected device. Since the Internet Protocol is shared and not secret, it easily allows devices to connect and communicate since the devices follow the same protocol.

Match: The Internet, A Mobile Hotspot, School Computer Lab; Takes inventory of all packets in the datastream to ensure they are successfully sent and received; Chunk of data and its metadata, used to route and reassemble information on the Internet; The way in which information travels on the Internet, not as a single piece but in chunks; Sends all packets without checking whether they were received or ordered properly with: transmission control protocol (TCP), internet protocol (IP), datastream, user datagram protocol (UDP), packet

The Internet, A Mobile Hotspot, School Computer Lab- IP Takes inventory of all packets in the datastream to ensure they are successfully sent and received- TCP Chunk of data and its metadata, used to route and reassemble information on the Internet- packet The way in which information travels on the Internet, not as a single piece but in chunks- datastream Sends all packets without checking whether they were received or ordered properly- UDP

What are the benefits of building redundancy into a network? What are the potential issues with building redundancy?

The benefits of building redundancy into a network are that they can provide backups just in case something goes wrong or if one path of communication is blocked. Some possible issues of building redundancy are that it can take up space and storage and that it is not always necessary for the receiver to get the same message multiple times.

Computing System

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Computing Device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

Pick two statements that are true about the Internet Protocol (IP): 1. each device or computer on the Internet is assigned a unique IP address 2. IP is a secret protocol shared between the sender and the receiver 3. each network on the Internet uses its own protocol to address messages 4. in order to communicate two devices on the Internet must have the same IP address 5. IP is the shared way that all devices and computers label their messages with the sender and receiver's addresses

each device or computer on the Internet is assigned a unique IP address; IP is the shared way that all devices and computers label their messages with the sender and receiver's addresses

Which of the following is true regarding the way information is transmitted on the Internet? 1. information flows on a dedicated direct connection from the sender's device to the receiver's device using binary electrical signals 2. if a single packet is dropped, the entire file must be resent 3. because of the reliability of the Internet, packets always arrive in the same order they were sent 4. information does not travel in one piece, but rather as a datastream of packets

information does not travel in one piece, but rather as a datastream of packets

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network

Bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

What problem does the DNS solve? How does the DNS help the world wide web scale so that billions of users can access billions of web pages?

the problem that DNS, or the domain name system, solves is that it is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses. DNS helps the World Wide Web scale since it is used by many different computers that are all connected to the network. DNS servers are also connected in a distributed hierarchy and are divided into zones, which splits up the responsibility for major domains. The DNS and the Internet Protocol are designed to scale no matter how much the Internet grows.