AP Environmental Science Review Worksheet

CITES, Lacey Act, Kyoto Protocol

A company is importing rare tropical hardwood to manufacture furniture. List three laws, regulations, treaties, or acts that the company may have violated.

Inorganic compound

A compound hat does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

Organic Compound

A compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

Electrostatic precipitator

A device used for removing particulates from smokestack emissions. The charged particles are attracted to an oppositely charged metal plate, where they are precipitated out of the air.

Longline fishing

A fishing that is commonly used to catch large solitary species of fish and was featured in "The Perfect Storm" is known as __________________________.

Dioxin

A known carcinogen formed during plastic combustion

Biome

A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities

Ecological Footprint

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land. If our lifestyle demands more land than is available, we are living unsustainably

Baghouse filter

An instillation containing thousands of heat-resistant fiberglass bags to control particulate emissions. It works as a room size vacuum cleaner

Corn, wheat, rice

Arrange the following foods in order of highest to lowest in terms of global production: Corn, rice, wheat

Clay, silt, sand

Arrange the following particles in order from smallest to largest: silt, sand, clay

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Arrange the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order from lowest to highest energy: Ultraviolet, Microwave, Infrared, Gamma, Radio, X-ray, Visible

High survival, die of old age

Characteristics of Type 1 Survivorship Curve

Relatively constant decline in survival

Characteristics of Type 2 Survivorship Curve

Low survival early in life, few individuals make it to adulthood

Characteristics of Type 3 survivorship curve

Whales, humans

Examples of Type 1 survivorship species

Squirrels, Coral

Examples of Type 2 survivorship species

DDT is fat soluble and therefore accumulates in the tissue of smaller organisms. As you go up the food chain the amount of DDT in the creature gets much bigger. DDT in Bald Eagle was causing the egg shells to thin. When adult bird sat on them to incubate, they would crack.

Explain how the biomagnification of DDT led to the (near) demise of the Bald Eagle population in the US.

Nitric Acid

HNO3

2.47

How many acres in a hectare?

100

How many centimeters in a meter?

100

How many hectares in a square kilometer?

0.404686

How many hectares in an acre?

10000

How many meters in a hectare?

1000

How many meters in a kiliometer?

1,000,000

How many square meters in one square kilometer?

1000

How many watts in a kilowatt hour?

4.5 billion years

How old is Earth?

10000

Humans began agriculture approximately __________ years ago

CBR-CDR/10 -> 45-20/10= 2.5%+1%-.5%= 3%

In a particular year a population has the following characteristics: The crude birth rate is 45, the crude death rate is 20, the immigration rate is 1%, and the emigration rate is 0.5%. The percent rate of growth for that year is __________.

Exponential Growth

Is this an example of A: Linear Growth or B: Exponential Growth?

Linear Growth

Is this an example of A: Linear Growth or B: Exponential Growth?

Few offspring, long life

K-selected species characteristics

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue

List the following types of visible light in order from shortest to longest wavelength: Green, red, yellow, blue, orange

Urban Heat Island

Local heat buildup in an area of high population density

1. a 2. e 3. d 4. b 5. c

Match the following a. anemia b. goiter c. scurvy d. rickets e. blindness 1. iron deficiency 2. vitamin A deficiency 3. vitamin D deficiency 4. iodine deficiency 5. vitamin C deficiency

1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. a

Match the ten most populous urban areas in the world with its respective continent: a. Asia b. North America c. South America d. Africa e. Australia f. Europe g. Antarctica 1. Seoul 2. Mexico City 3. New York City 4. Mumbai 5. Jakarta 6. Sao Paulo 7. Delhi 8. Osaka/Kobe 9. Shanghai 10. Tokyo

Nitrogen gas

N2

Nitrous oxide

N2O

Ammonia

NH3

Ammonium

NH4+

Nitrogen Oxide

NO

Nitrogen dioxide

NO2

Catalytic converter; hyrdrocarbons, CO2 and H2O

NO2 is converted to N2 and O2 in a ________________, which also converts ____________________ to _______ and ______.

Nitrite

NO2-

Nitrate

NO3

Nitrogen oxides

NOx

a. Doubling time= 70/2=35 2012+35=2047 2047+35=2082 b. Doubling time= 2012-1992= 20 years -> 20 years*r= 70-> r=70/20 -> r=3.5%

Perform the following calculations: (Show all of your work in a logical progression to the final answer.) a. A city has a population of 50,000 in 2012. If the population of the city grows at an annual rate of 2%, the year in which the population will reach 100,000 is 2047 and the year it will reach 200,000 is 2082 b. A country's population was 12 million in 1992 and in 2012 it is 24 million. If the population grew at a constant rate, that percent rate of growth was _____________. Show ALL work:

Many offspring, little parental care

R-selected species characteristics

Silent Spring, DDT

Rachel Carson wrote the book ___________________ to raise awareness of the harmful effects of the pesticide _________.

Overharvested for a drug used to treat cancer

The Pacific Yew, a conifer tree, is endangered because ______________________________________.

Yellowstone

The first national park was ______________ national park.

John Muir

The founder of the Sierra Club

Orangutan

This animal is endangered because deforestation occurs at the highest rate through its habitat

Desert

This biome is found at 30 degree latitude areas is generally dry and hot and devoid of moisture. It is home to plants such as cacti and animals such as lizards and other heat tolerant animals.

Taiga (Boreal) Forest

This biome is found in Northern North American and Eurasia, with cold temperatures and lower rainfall. It is home to plants such as conifers and other cone-bearing trees as well as animals such as moose, deer, foxes, and owls

Tundra

This biome is found in Northern North American and in the polar areas. It is very cold with low rainfall. There are few plants such as grasses, low growing plants, and permafrost. There are animals such as polar bears, seals, foxes, and owls

Tropical Rainforest

This biome is found in the tropics, with steady high temperatures and lots of rain. There is a dense canopy of a wide variety of plants and is home to many of the world's species, such as frogs and chimpanzees.

Tropical Grasslands (Savanna)

This biome is found in tropical Africa, South America, and Australia. It has steady high temperatures and a clear rain/dry season. It is home to plants such as tall grasses and trees and animals such as lions, giraffes, and elephants.

Temperate Deciduous forest

This biome is found outside the tropics but not in the polar area. It ahs defined seasons and moderate rainfall. It is home to plants such as deciduous trees and animals such as hawks, deer, foxes, and owls.

Temperate Grassland (Prairie)

This biome is found outside the tropics but not in the polar area. It has defined seasons and moderate rainfall. It is home to plants such as short grass and animals such as prairie dogs, wolves, and rabbits.

Piping Plover

This bird is endangered because urban development destroyed its nesting areas and noise pollution has caused females to leave their mates.

Dodo bird

This bird is extinct because it had never encountered humans or egg-eating rats before it was too late.

Carbon

This is a building block of major macromolecules and is a greenhouse gas. The largest reservoir is in rocks and methods of its transport is photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, decomposition, fossil fuels. Its cycle duration is long.

Nitrogen

This is a key component in protein and DNA and is needed for plant growth. The largest reservoir is in the Atmosphere and methods of its transport is fixation, nitrification, assimilation, and ammonification. Its cycle duration is short.

Sulfur

This is an essential nutrient for amino acids, proteins, and enzymes. Its main reservoir is in rocks and methods of transport are volcanic eruptions, fossil fuel combustion, decaying vegetation, and more. Its cycle duration is short.

Water

This is essential to all living organisms and is the universal solvent. Its largest reservoir is the ocean and methods of its transport is precipitation, runoff, infiltration and more

Phosphorus

This is needed for plant growth, ATP, bones, and teeth. The largest reservoir is in rocks and methods of its transport is weathering, erosion, and runoff. Its cycle duration is the longest.

2000

To live a healthy, active life most adults need to consume approximately _________ calories of food each day.

Dredging

Type of surface mining in which chain buckets and draglines scrape up sand, gravel, and other surface deposits covered with water. It is also used to remove sediment from streams and harbors to maintain shipping channels. It is a technique typically used to harvest scallops, crabs, and shrimp from the sea floor.

Scientific, Norway, Iceland

Whaling is justified in the name of _____________ research, by countries of ___________ and _____________.

Irrigation, Synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, GMOs/Artificial selection

What are four innovations that characterized the Green Revolution?

Hydrogen cyanide, Lithium sulfate, Mercury(II) sulfate

What are some examples of inorganic compounds?

Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates

What are some examples of organic compounds?

Natural: 3O2+UV->2O3 Depletion: CFC+UV-> Cl Cl+O3-> O2+ClO ClO+O-> O2+Cl The Cl (Chlorine) can react with thousands of O3 molecules

What are the chemical equations that illustrate the destruction of the ozone layer?

China, India, United States, Indonesia

What are the four most populated countries in the world (in order)?

Negative Growth

What does this population pyramid represent?

Rapid Growth

What does this population pyramid represent?

Slow Growth

What does this population pyramid represent?

Zero Growth

What does this population pyramid represent?

new-old/old

What is the equation for growth rate?

300 million

What is the population of the U.S.?

7 billion

What is the population of the world?

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

What is this?

The Tropic of Cancer

What is this?

The Tropic of Capricorn

What is this?

The equator

What is this?

Climate (precipitation and temperature) which is based on location -> Latitude, proximity to water, elevation, etc.

What main factors determine the type of biome an area will have?

Type 1 Survivorship Curve

What type of survivorship curve is this?

Type 2 Survivorship curve

What type of survivorship curve is this?

Type 3 Survivorship Curve

What type of survivorship curve is this?

70/growth rate=doubling time

Write an equation for the rule of 70

6CO2+6H2O+sun->C6H12O6+ 6O2 Opposite is cellular respiration

Write the balanced chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration in the boxes to the right.

71, 97, 69, 1

______% of the Earth is covered with water. Of all the water on earth _____% of it is saltwater, ______% is frozen, and _____% is available and relatively accessible

0.01

centi

0.1

deci

10

deka

100

hecto

1000

kilo

0.001

milli