AP Euro 1st Semester Final
French nobles were divided between those "of the sword" and those
"of the robe"
The word Renaissance means
"rebirth"
Mikhail Kutuzov's strategy to defeat Napoleon's 600,000-strong army included
"scorched-earth" policy
Who authored the Book of the Courtier, a guide for nobility embodying the ideals of Italian humanism?
Baldassare Castiglione
In July 1819, Metternich suppressed student organizations with the
Carlsbad Decrees
Newton was a great opponent of
Descartes' rationalism
The phrase "Paris is well worth a Mass" is attributed to
Henry of Navarre
The writings of John Wycliffe inspired the
Lollards
Mercantilists regarded _______ as a measure of a nation's wealth.
bullion
The Edict of Nantes
gave Huguenots qualified religious freedoms
The Great Reform Bill of 1832
kept a property qualification for the right to vote
The witch hunts were exacerbated by all of the following EXCEPT
political consolidation by the papacy
Which power lost territory and prestige as a result of the Greek Revolution of 1821?
the Ottoman Empire
The Catholic Counter-Reformation spirit was expressed in
the baroque
The political condition described in the passage did not stabilize until
1795
The political condition of Germany described in the passage did not change until
1871
Which of the following individuals was NOT a Renaissance writer?
Albrecht Durer
Burke's opinion of the recklessness of the French Revolution is most similar to which of the following?
An English Catholic's opinion of the overthrow of King James II in 1688
What was the most insidious effect of the sudden influx of bullion into Spain in the 16th century?
An increased rate of inflation
The invention that took cotton textile manufacturing into the factory from the home was
Arkwright's water frame
In composing the "Vitruvian Man" drawing, da Vinci was most likely influenced by which of the following?
Classicism
Thomas Paine is most famous for having written
Common Sense
The passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following trends in the 18th century thought?
Conservitism
The astronomer who discovered the elliptical orbit patterns of the planets was
Johannes Kepler
The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Lack of connection to previous European civilizations
The impulse towards exploration was displayed most strongly by what other nation during this time?
Portugal
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in
Portuguese areas
Which of the following people in the 19th century would most likely have agreed with the sentiments in the Reflections on the Revolution in France passage?
Prince von Metternich
The Hohenzollerns turned _______ into a powerful state.
Prussia
Deists regarded God as:
a kind of divine watchmaker
The Continental System was designed to
cut off British trade with the rest of Europe
The Reformation first broke out in the
free imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that
humanity would not achieve true moral progress without advancing woman's education
In 1825, the Decembrist Revolt in Russia was led by
junior military officers
The driving philosophy behind the conquistadors' search for gold was the economic policy known as
mercantilism
Which social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague?
noble landlords
Jansenists believed that
original sin could not be redeemed without special grace from God
Inhabitants of the New World who were born in Spain were known as
peninsulares
Pope Leo X's Jubilee indulgences was meant to raise funds to
rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
A ruler who is known as a politique
subordinates theology to political unity
Scientists of the 18th century saw the assembly and categorization of the natural world as
the first step in the process by which one could arrive at universal laws
The inflation of the 16th century was the result of
the influx of wealth from the New World and increased population
The Royal Society of London and other academies stood for all of the following EXCEPT
welcoming female scientists such as Maria Winkelman
The conciliar theory asserted that General Councils representing the faithful
were less superior in authority to the pope
The most significant factor explaining the emergence of the novel was
widespread literacy
Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT
A need to win more commissions from the pope
The Seven-Years' War pitted Prussia, Russian, and Sweden, against
Austria and France
French emigres urged what two countries to invade France and restore Louis XVI to full power?
Austria and Prussia
IN the Battle of Trafalgar, the
British lost no ships, but Lord Nelson lost his life
Based on the passage, which of the following can be safely inferred about European explorers of the 16th century?
Christopher Columbus had been unsuccessful in finding a shorter path from Europe to Asia
For the Catholic Church, the Council of Trent occurred at the beginning of a long period of
Decline in political authority, particularly in Western Europe
Cervantes most famous work is
Don Quixote
The deterioration of Spanish/English relations was the result of all of the following EXCEPT
England's increasing hostility to France
Which justification for European economic world domination relied on Adam Smith's philosophy?
European commerce represents the fourth and, by implication, final stage of human development
The author of Lucinde, who shocked readers for depicting a female character as equal to a male, was
Friedrich Schlegel
Louis XIV's view of the monarchy was influenced by the revolt known as the
Fronde
According to the doctrine of predestination
God has foreordained who will be saved and who will be damned
The disturbances that swept the French countryside in August 1789 were known as the
Great Fear
The establishment of two competing popes in 1378 is known as the
Great Schism
In creating the "Vitruvian Man", da Vinci drew upon
Greek principles of number ratios
Based on the passage, which of the following can be safely inferred about Herberle's religious affiliation?
He was not Roman Catholic
How did Philip II's religious policies illustrated in the passage compare to the policies pursued by other 15th and 16th century European monarchs?
His policies controlling religious beliefs and practices were similar to the policies of most other monarchs at the time
The Saint Bartholomew's Massacre was an attack on French
Huguenots
The Council of Trent resulted in the which of the following actions taken toward the Protestant Reformation?
It stated the basic theology infallibility of the tenets of medieval Catholicism
Which of the following does NOT characterize the nature of the Scientific Revolution?
Its proponents were hostile to established religion
Louis XIV's ability to raise and maintain a large, powerful army depended on
Jean-Baptiste Colbert's economic policies
The phrase "evils in the church" could be a reference to the abuse of the sale of indulgences by
Johann Tetzel
The two liberators of South America from Spain were
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar
In the old Regime, the Jewish population in Europe was most concentrated in
Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine
The most important intellectual forerunners of the Enlightenment were:
Locke and Newton
Celtis' discussion of Italian influence in the German lands is most similar to which of the following?
Luther's criticisms of the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses
Which of the following statements is most closely associated with the "Vitruvian Man"?
Man is the measure of all things
The groundwork for Louis XIV's absolutism had been laid by
Mazarin and Richelieu
John Wesley was the leader of the
Methodist movement
The events described in the "conquistadors" passage most likely occurred in which modern-day country?
Mexico
Attitudes like the one found in Blaeu's inscription can be tied to the development of what major 19th century intellectual movement?
Nationalism
Whose On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres challenged Ptolemy's geocentric view of the universe?
Nicholaus Copernicus
Which of the following is best supported by the "Spain inquisition to King Philip II" passage?
Owning and reading Protestant religious literature was illegal in Spain
Which of the following was NOT used to describe a faction of the 17th century Protestant movement in England?
Palatines
Arguably the most corrupt pope ever, who openly promoted the political careers of his children?
Pope Alexander VI
Which country took the lead in exploration in the 15th century?
Portugal
The events described in the "Spain inquisition to King Philip II" passage best illustrate which of the following aspects of religious conflicts in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Protestants made effective use of the increased availability of printing technology to spread their ideas.
Between 1649 and 1660, England was officially a/an
Puritan republic
The figure who did NOT support the idea of inductive reasoning as seen in the Encyclopedie was
Rene Descartes
Which of the following groups in the 19th century would most likely have agreed with the sentiments in the passage?
Romantic nationalists
Proponents of the "Republic of Virtue" developed their notion of civic virtue from the writings of
Rousseau
The Encyclopedie illustration above highlights when intellectual development that dominated the 18th century?
Scientific Revolution
Which of the following was a provision of the Petition of Right?
Taxation could only occur with Parliamentary consent
The Third Estate's commitment to voting by head was formalized by the
Tennis Court Oath
By setting the work of artisans and laborers on equal footing with the work of clerics and rulers, the Encyclopedie contributed to what major event?
The French Revolution
The ability of someone of Herberle's social status in 17th century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?
The Protestant Reformation's emphasis on individual study of the Bible
The Council of Trent is viewed as a reaction by the Catholic Church against which of the following?
The Reformation
Countries in the coalitions that opposed Revolutionary and Napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree?
The creation of nationally based mass conscript armies
The encomienda system, which was used during the colonization of the Americas to regulate the indigenous people, was NOT ended by which of the following?
The lack of new land to assign to well-connected Spaniards and conquistadores
Which of the following events marked the effective end of Spain's ability to act to a champion of Catholicism in Europe?
The outcome of the Thirty Years' War (1648)
A historian could use Herberle's discussion of a comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?
The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural foces
The "Conrad Celtis" passage most clearly reveals the influence of which of the following trends in 15th century Europe?
The revival of classical learning and the development of Northern humanism
In the "Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature" passage, the author seems to be chiefly concerned with
The revolutionary nature of the Puritan movement
Which of the following stands as the strongest expression of Puritan political power?
The rise of Oliver Cromwell
The authors of the "Council of Trent" document display an attitude toward worldly possessions that is most directly at odds with which of the following?
The splendor of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
The conflict that Herberle describes in his chronicle resulted in which of the following?
The weakening of the Holy Roman Empire and the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries
Two centuries later, a classical liberal economist would most likely hold which of the following opinions about the effects of this influx of bullion?
Though initially spurred by the state, it is an excellent example of the invisible hand of the market in action
Robespierre argued that terror was
a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to a pressing need
All of the following were reasons for the newfound popularity of direct Bible study among Puritans EXCEPT
a desire to perform acts of social justice
Nicholas I saw serfdom as
a great evil, but too dangerous to reform
The relative independence of southeastern European peasants in this period can be attributed to
a scarcity of labor
The rush for artistic accomplishment in Renaissance Italy was fueled by all of the following EXCEPT
a sense of impending doom as the Black Plague and the Great Schism were just beginning
Joan of Arc gave the French
a sense of national identity and destiny
Among the imperial reformers, Charles III stood out for
abolishing the monopolies of Seville and Cadiz
In Hobbes view, obedience to the sovereign was
absolute
The Treaty of Westphalia accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
affirm the Spanish protectorate over the Netherlands
Charles X's reign is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
alliance with the middle class
The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was aided by
alliances between the Europeans and the Aztecs' subject peoples
The poissardes and other participants in the events described in the song were motivated most strongly by which of the following?
an economic crisis brought about by food shortages
In Eastern Europe, landlords asserted their interest in keeping land cultivated by
arranging early marriages for the children of serfs
The Peace of Augsburg
asserted regional princely control over religion
Scientific accomplishments that most captured the imagination were those that occurred in
astronomy
All of the following are true of the Lollards EXCEPT that they
believed that Christ was a man, not the son of God
Which of the following did Zwingli NOT question and repudiate in the course of his reforms?
church attendance
The Declaration of the Rights and Man and Citizen asserted
civic equality and popular sovereignty
The French Estates General was a representative council of
clergy, nobles, and townspeople
The levee en masse
conscripted males into the army and directed economic production to military purposes
An artisan's daughter might not leave home until marriage because she
could learn increasing valuable skills associated with trade
Persons of European descent born in the Spanish colonies were known as
creoles
Peasants resisted enclosure laws largely because the laws
disrupted community life and traditional practices
The French government issued the decree primarily in response to
domestic unrest and foreign aggression against the radical Revolutionary government
A sign of the Enlightenment shared by 18th century monarchs was the
emphasis on privilege based on merit rather than social station
Napoleon's Concordat with the Catholic Church accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
establishing Roman Catholicism as France's only legitimate religion
The Congress of Vienna pursued a program that included all of the following EXCEPT
exclusion of France from deliberations
Empiricism is the belief that
experience, especially the senses, is the best source of knowledge
The unpopularity of Mary I of England was the result of all of the following EXCEPT
her lack of legitimacy
James I's unpopularity was a result of all of the following EXCEPT
his desire to conquer Ireland
The effect of the frivolity of rococo was all of the following EXCEPT
ingratiate the nobility to the monarchy
The vast majority of nationalists believed all of the followed EXCEPT
legitimate monarchies provide a basis for political unity
The Statute of Laborers, enacted in the aftermath of the plague,
limited wages to pre-plague levels
Representatives to the Estates General brought cahiers de doleances, or
list of grievances
Following publication of the Reflections on the Revolution in France book, Burke most likely
maintained his opinion based on worsening violence
Renaissance Society first took on its distinctive shape in the
merchant cities of Italy
Writing two centuries later about the history of Puritan names, Bardsley most likely arrived at his conclusions through
original engagement with primary-source material, such as baptismal and county records
The studia humanitatis included all of the following EXCEPT
painting
The real goal of 19th century liberals was
political reform based on private property
Napoleon invaded Ottoman Egypt to
prevent the British fleet from communicating with India and damage trade
The immediate effect upon women by the industrialization of spinning was to
push women into domestic labor
When English Whigs accused George III of becoming a tyrant, they were complaining of his
refusal to acknowledge the authority of a portion of the aristocracy
Blaise Pascal worked to
refute dogmatism, skepticism, and false optimism
The sans-culottes wanted, above all else,
relief from food shortages and high prices
Ignatius Loyola organized the Jesuit order to encourage
religious and moral self-disclipline
All of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War EXCEPT
religious differences
Britain's Parliament passed the Sugar Act in 1764 for the following reasons EXCEPT
rising sugar prices need to be controlled
Constable and other Romantics tended to idealize
rural life
The process for preparing newly arrived Africans for slavery in the New World was known as
seasoning
Montesquieu's unique contribution to political philosophy was the idea of
separation of powers
Reform efferts at the Council of Trent included all of the following EXCEPT
several doctrinal concessions to the reformers
Rousseau believed that men and women
should inhabit separate spheres
One of the pillars of 19th century conservatism was
social hierarchies
The French Revolution inspired William Pitt the Younger to
suspend habeaus corpus and make publication of certain ideas treasonable
According to Unam Sanctum
temporal authorities were subject to the spiritual power of the church
The participation of women such as the poissardes led to which of the following during the early phases of the French Revolution?
temporary improvements in women's legal status
The industry that pioneered the Industrial Revolution was the production of
textiles
The writings of Bartolome de Las Casas contributed to the emergence of
the Black Legend
Which factor was NOT related to the emergence of the Protestant Reformation?
the Spanish inquisition
The events referred to in the "Song of the poissards" led most directly to which of the following?
the creation of a constitutional monarchy in France
The guild system that supported the growth of artists in the Renaissance persisted until
the mechanized nature of production in the Industrial Revolution finally rendered the system obsolete in the 19th century
The romantic movement had roots in all of the following EXCEPT
the neoclassicism of the 18th century
The basic challenge facing the Habsburg Empire was
the profound diversity of the territories contained within the empire
At the time of the Mona Lisa, most Italian artists such as da Vinci earned their living through
the support of a patron
Luther believed in all of the following EXCEPT
the unimportance of good works
The ability of the Dutch to undertake such exploration was reflected by all of the following EXCEPT
their Catholic work ethic
By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the war had killed an estimated one-
third of the German population
In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to
try to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout France
To escape official censure, some articles in the Encyclopedia had to be published
under the cover of irony
Desiderius Erasmus wanted to
unite Classical and Christian ideals
Servants in preindustrial Western European households
used the position to acquire a productive skill and some savings
All of the following contributed to the decline of the Netherlands EXCEPT
violence brought about by religious intolerance