AP Euro Ch. 7-8

Why did the Hapsburg Empire resist nationalism?

Nationalism would seriously weaken the ethnically diverse Hapsburg Empire.

Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War?

They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests.

The faith in free and unregulated trade between European nations was most closely aligned with ________.

nineteenth-century liberals

The name given to the practice by Russian police and right-wing groups of conducting persecutions against the Jews was ________.

pogrom

Auguste Comte developed the theory of ________.

positivism

A formal treaty in December 1858 at Plombiers confirmed an agreement between Count Camillo Cavour and Napoleon III that would ________.

provoke a war where Piedmont-Sardinia and France united to defeat Austria

The Paris Commune in 1871 was composed of ________.

radicals and socialists

The Second Industrial Revolution was associated with ________.

steel, chemicals, and electricity

Which of the following lagged behind other European countries, economically, in the late 1800s?

the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire

The Hungarians accepted which of the following from the Austrian Empire?

the Compromise of 1867

Which element of nineteenth-century European order was essentially destroyed by the Crimean War?

the Concert of Europe

The migration from the countryside during the nineteenth century produced a situation in which ________.

the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity

Which of the following events helped the political liberals in France gain the support of the working class to rebel against the more conservative government?

the poor harvests of 1846 and 1847

Many factories hired unmarried women and children because ________.

they were willing to work for less than men

For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________.

unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Congress of Vienna settlement

A group of writers who helped to define new socialist ideas were called ________ by their critics because their ideas seems "too idealistic."

utopian socialists

The (Australian) Ballot Act of 1872 introduced ________ in Britain.

voting by secret ballot

Otto von Bismarck's Kulturkampf ________.

was a failure so he had to outmaneuver his opponents instead of eliminate them

Charles Fourier believed that workers were more productive when they ________.

worked on different tasks

The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by

1860

Who shepherded the Second (Great) Reform Act of 1867 in Britain?

Benjamin Disraeli

The Corn Laws maintained high prices on grain by levying import duties on foreign grain in ________.

Britain

The two houses of the North German Confederation (Reichstag) were the ________.

Bundesrat and Bundestag

One of the accomplishments of the Third Republic was the creation of a ________, elected by universal male suffrage.

Chamber of Deputies

The revolutions of 1848 began in ________.

France

Progress in Europe that enabled married women to own property came first in ________.

Great Britain

In 1821, the Ottoman's faced a revolt of the ________.

Greeks

What classical economist is associated with utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham

Count Camillo Cavour's methods to achieve Italian unification would best coincide with which philosopher's ideology?

Machiavelli

After the Congress of Vienna, the Russian tsar was king of ________ and frequently infringed on the constitution and quarreled with its diet (legislature).

Poland

Which of the following best explains why a worker in Great Britain might have rejected Marx's ideas by the last half of the nineteenth century?

Workers had started to benefit from the existing industrial system.

The industrial economy led to the development of gender-determined roles in the bourgeoisie families because it________.

allowed many families to live on the wages of the male spouse

By the start of World War I, most major nations of Europe ________.

began providing free public education for the masses

What motivated Alexander II to abolish serfdom?

belief that serfdom would hold Russia back

Theodor Herzl ________.

called for a separate Jewish state in which Jewish rights and liberties would be protected

Starting around the mid 19th century, urban planners devised cities that were dominated by ________.

commerce, government, and entertainment venues

Prince Klemens von Metternich is remembered as a(n) ________.

conservative statesman

In France, Louis XVIII agreed to become a(n) ________ monarch.

constitutional

Auguste Comte's works were influential because they ________.

helped convince learned Europeans that all knowledge must resemble scientific knowledge

Bismarck attempted to persuade German workers to oppose socialism by ________.

implementing programs that offered a paternalistic and conservative alternative to socialism

The Decembrist Revolt began with a revolt among ________.

military officers

Robert Owen advocated for ________.

more humane industrial environments

The single most impactful European political ideology in the 19th cen. proved to be ________.

nationalism

The Concert of Europe refers to the ________.

new informal arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues