AP Euro Chapter 17 Test

The author of The Progress of the Human Mind and who became the victim of the French Revolution

Danton

Other Enlightened thinkers who would have agreed with Voltaire were

Diderot and Rousseau

Wollstonecraft's ideas, as expressed in the above passage, were most likely a response to the works of

Diderot, who wrote against the education of women in his Encyclopedia

In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in what 2 countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers chose new religious movements?

England and Germany

Deism is the belief that

God created the universe but does not actively run it.

The 18th century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is

Handel's Messiah

European music in the later 18th century is best associated

Haydn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire

The philosopher who proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment as "Dare to know!" was

Immanuel Kant

Who said that individuals will forced to be free if they did not obey the general will?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by

Mary Wollstonecraft

The 18th century composer considered to be the most innovative who composed the opera, The Marriage of Figaro, was

Mozart

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was

Paris

Which of the following statements concerning salons is not true?

Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officals

Voltaire's ideas most likely originated from

a colonization of the New World and the Scientific Revolution

Published travel accounts of different cultures

all of the above

Voltaire was the author of

all of these are correct

John Locke's tabula rasa refers to

blank mind

The purpose of Diderot's Encyclopedia, according to him, was to

change the general way of thinking

Mary Wollstonecraft would have been mst likely pleased to see

educated women participating in Enlightened French salons

High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the

enormous impact of the publishing industry

"Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith.

false

Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations was a forceful rejection of the doctrine of laissez-faire.

false

Denis Diderot was an ardent Christian.

false

The 18th century English historian, Edward Gibbon, blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religion practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.

false

A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in eighteenth century England was

gin

Pogroms were

instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities.

The growth of reading and publishing in the 18th century was aided and characterized by the development of

magazines for the general public

18th century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers:

novels

The works of Fontenelle

popularize a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion

Issac Newton and John Locke

provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society.

The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often

public and very gruesome

Voltaire's writings above explain why he believes

that the universe runs according to the natural laws

Mary Wollstonecraft argued in the excerpt above

that women were, due to their lack of education, dependent upon their husbands

An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was

the Marquise du Chatelet

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life

European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by

the emergence of secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

the emergence of the "science of man"

In the document above, Voltaire is horrified to learn of

the killing of millions in the name of religion

Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace.

true

In her Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that the Enlightenment was based on the ideal that the reason is innate in all human beings, including women.

true

John Locke influenced the 18th century enlightenment through his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa.

true

Rosseau, whose novel Emile emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor of the romantic movement of the early 19th century.

true

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.

true

The great scientists of the 17th century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion.

true

The Encyclopedia

was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophes

Montesquieu's Persian Letters

was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy.

The religious movement that came to be known as Methodism

was founded by Count Nikolaus von Zinzendorf

Voltaire's arguments for religious freedom

were espoused by several enlightened despots

The French philosophes

were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality.

The Jews of 18th century Europe

were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities