AP Euro chapter 21
How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?
They did very little in response
At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies were guided by what principle?
balanced power.
In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of which nations?
educated Europeans, Americans, and Russians.
In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?
extensive cultivation of the potato.
How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?
he turned the government into a military adventure to rally French nationalism and gain popular support.
What did the early French socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?
it created a profound spiritual and moral crisis from the use of capitalism.
Why was the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 unable to create a "Greater Germany"?
preoccupations with nationalist issues and Frankfurt revolutionaries being too fearful to act out.
The British Corn Laws of 1815 were enacted with what goal?
prohibiting the importation of foreign grain, which benefited the aristocracy.
According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was acquired in what way?
property was acquired by theft from the worker, the source of all wealth.
What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?
social organization was the key to progress.
In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by whom?
Nicholas I of Russia.
What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?
to institute the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever they were threatened.
What was the result of the "June Days" in France in 1848?
triumph of the republican army and the spectacular failure of the revolution in France.
The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded what?
universal male suffrage.
Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?
various social groups including bourgeois merchants, opposition deputies, skilled artisans, and unskilled working people.
Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established in what way?
when the proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoise.
During the Prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?
workers demanding more democratic reforms.
What was the effect of France's Constitutional Charter in the post-Napoleonic period?
France's Constitutional Charter was a liberal constitution that created some freedom, but the representation of the common people was severely limited.
In 1848, what reform did the French government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?
the French government refused to create an electoral reform, which created a sense of class injustice.
What was the driving force in history according to Marx in the nineteenth century?
the class struggle over economic wealth.
What was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain?
the competition that had arisen between the middle class and aristocracy.
According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in the economy in what way?
the government should have no interference in the economy.
In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832 gave greater representation where?
the new industrial areas of the country.
The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 defined what?
the oppressive measures placed on the German Confederation and the teaching of liberal ideas there.
What reform did France's Second Republic institute in 1848?
the right for all adult men to vote.
Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged what?
the total emancipation of women.
What was one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists?
their ideas were not rooted in historic law, and therefore unrealistic.
Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?
these ideas could spread throughout the different ethnic groups of Austria and cause the empire to dissolve as a result.
Why did many Europeans and Americans embrace the Greek Revolution?
they cherished Greece's classical culture.
In 1848, how did the Hungarian revolutionaries envision a future Hungary?
they envisioned a future Hungary as being a unified and centralized nation.