AP Euro Chapter 5

Test Act

If you worked in government, you had to say that transubstantiation wasn't true, James wanted Stuart succession of throne, Charles brought brother to throne when he died

The Rump Parliament

nickname of Parliament after Pride's Purge

Richard Cromwell

nicknamed "Tumble Down Dick", Oliver Cromwell's younger brother, who inherited the title of Protectorate, couldn't do it right, out of power in 1659

Louis XIII

nine years' old when took the throne, Marie de Medici actually ruled France, employed Cardinal Richelieu, who actually made all the important decisions of his reign, died in 1633

Whigs

Before the glorious revolution, these people didn't support James

Duke of Buckingham

James I gave too much power to this guy, he decided which nobles would get which jobs, sold the middle class titles

King James Bible

King James retranslatd the Bible in 1611 and it was called

L'etat c'est moi

Louis XIV said this, meaning "I am the state", an absolutist idea

Book of Sports

The Declaration of Sports (also known as the Book of Sports) was a declaration of James I of England issued in 1617 listing the sports that were permitted on Sundays and other holy days

Long Parliament

this is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640,[1] following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members,[2] and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and at the end of Interregnum in 1660.[3] It sat from 1640 until 1648, when it was purged, by the New Model Army, of those who were not sympathetic to the Army's concerns.

Taille

this was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien Régime France. The tax was imposed on each household and based on how much land it held.

The War of Devolution

(1667-1668): Louis XIV's first wife was a Spanish princess, expected a dowry, but never got it, wanted the Spanish Netherlands, Spain was no match for France. The Dutch and Sweds and English were concerned, the dutch sweds and english formed the TRIPLE ALLIANCE,, helped spain, Louis XIV couldn't fight them all off. Louis XIV breaks up the TRIPLE ALLIANCE

Invasion of the Netherlands

(1672-1678): The Dutch offended Louis XIV in the War of Devolution, The Dutch got a hero, William III of Orange, grandson of the original William of Orange, let the french go, and then opened a dam and drowned them, called it a draw, Louis XIV was really mad and took it out on the Huguenots in France and revoked the Edict of Nantes, Treaty of Nimvegun ended the war, France kept their army at full force

Madame de Maintenon

...

Marie Therese

...

Parlements

...

The Treaty of Utrecht

1713: 1) Louis' grandson, Philip could stay on the throne 2) King of Spain and King of France couldn't be the same person 3) England got Gibraltar in 1713, passage in and out of Mediterranean

Louis XIV

5 years old when he became king, Anne of Austria, his mom, ran France in his name, she needed help so she hired Cardinal Mazarin; Mazarin uss the same policies as Richelieu, imprisoned during the Fronde, was an absolute monarch, used propaganda, believed in the divine right of kings, used Versaille to tame his nobles

Independents

?????

Loyalists

?????

John Locke

???????

Tories

Before the glorious revolution, these people supported James coming to the throne

January 30, 1649

Charles I executed because of treason because the Rump Parliament tried him, English Revolution

Charles II

Charles I's son, people cheered his return, had fled to France in the Civil War, made the English court became like the French court of Louis XIV, restored theater, restored sports, restored dancing, restored public drunkedness, called "The Merry Monarch", good relationship with Parliament, didn't believe in the divine right, tolerant of religiion

Treaty of Dover

Charles II entered into a treaty with Louis XIV, England and France were allies, Secretly, Louis XIV gave Charles II an allowance and Charles would convert to Catholocism

Grand Remonstrance

December 1641, Parliament presented Charles with this, basically a 200 things we hate about you letter, Charles sent 400 swordsmen to Parliament, but Parliament left, mobs formed because they heard of the invasion of Parliament, Charles fled to Nottingham and raised n army of Cavaliers, parliament raised an army, the roundheads, started the English Civil War

Queen Anne

Definition: Anne (6 February 1665 - 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death. Significance: Queen Anne is significant because England and Scotland were united into one kingdom during her reign which created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Charles II

Definition: Charles II was the successor of Charles I, his father, who was disposed of in 1649 and shortly after the monarchy was abolished. In 1660, Parliament chose to restore the monarchy and invited Charles II to return to the throne as successor to his father. Significance: Charles II brought back peace to England but he also had his conflict with Parliament and was the last monarch who advocated absolutism. Parliament had James I inherit the throne in his place which marked the end of the absolutism in England.

Frederick II

Definition: Frederick II (24 January 1712 - 17 August 1786) was King in Prussia (1740-1786) of the Hohenzollern dynasty. Significance: Under Frederick rule, Prussia sized doubled because of Fredericks brilliant military strategies that won him many territories from his enemies.

George I

Definition: George (28 May 1660 - 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698. Significance: George I reign marked the end of the powers of the monarchy and the introduction of a cabinet system which is how England is ruled today.

George II

Definition: George II (9 November 1683 - 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death. Significance: George II rule marked a peaceful time in England. However, Parliament constantly fought with George II and forced his mentor to resign and install their own chose of Prime Minster.

James I

Definition: James VI and I (19 June 1566 - 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death. Significance: James I policies regarding absolutism led to increased tensions between him and parliament which eventually led to civil war during his sons reign which ended with the monarchy being abolished and his son being beheaded.

James II

Definition: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1685-1688). He was the last Stuart king to rule both England and Scotland; he was overthrown by his son-in-law William of Orange. Significance: James II anti-protestant policies led to a direct conflict with parliament which chose to have him disposed of in favor of William and Mary. He was the last Catholic king of England.

Louis XIV

Definition: Louis XIV (5 September 1638 - 1 September 1715), known as Louis the Great) or the Sun King was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of monarchs of major countries in European history. Significance: Louis XIV brought France back from a war-ravaged country to a European superpower. His system of government, absolutism, created an example to everybody in Europe and his magnificent projects such as the Palace of Versailles made people think of France as a rich and powerful nation.

Louis XV

Definition: Louis XV (15 February 1710 - 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Well beloved was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. Significance: Louis XV brought an end of France being a superpower. His decisions and treaties led to the slowing of French power and he had to give up many territories such as New France to England and the return of the Austrian Netherlands to Austria.

Maria Theresa

Definition: Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (13 May 1717 - 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress. Significance: Maria Thersea was an extremely successful leader and the only female leader of the Habsburg dominions. Her policies led to the Habsburg dynasty regaining strength and her economic policies made her dominions more prosperous.

Peter the Great

Definition: Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich (June 9 1672 - 8 February 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother. Significance: Under Peter the Great, Russia expanded into a massive empire and a European Power. His policies also turned Russia into a modern European nation instead of the Medieval nation that it was before Peter the Great.

Pride's Purge

Definition: Pride's Purge was an event that took place in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents. Significance: Pride's Purge dealt with potential supporters of King Charles I which effectively ended the chance for his return to the throne which in turn meant the end of the English Civil War and the temporary abolishment of the English monarchy.

Amsterdam Stock Exchange

Definition: The Amsterdam Stock Exchange is a stock exchange based in Amsterdam that was founded in 1602 and is considered the oldest stock exchange in history. Significance: The Amsterdam Stock Exchange made Amsterdam and the Netherlands an economic central in Europe during the chaos filled 17th century.

Dutch East Indies Company

Definition: The Dutch East Indies Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia. Significance: The Dutch East Indies Company made the Netherlands an economic superpower during the 17th century. Its trading endeavors brought great wealth back to the Netherlands which made Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam, an economic center in Europe.

League of Augsburg

Definition: The Grand Alliance was a European coalition, consisting (at various times) of Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, the Dutch Republic, England, the Holy Roman Empire, Ireland, the Palatinate of the Rhine, Portugal, Savoy, Saxony, Scotland, Spain and Sweden. Significance: The League of Augsburg unified opposition to France's expanding policies and brought an example of a united Europe which would later inspire other movements to unify Europe.

Peace of Westphalia

Definition: The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic. Significance: The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Year War and ushered in a new era in Europe.

Pragmatic Solution

Definition: The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 was an edict issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI to ensure that the hereditary possessions of the Habsburgs could be inherited by a daughter. Significance: The Pragmatic Sanction allowed Maria Thersea to inherit the possession of the Habsburgs and allowed her to reform her possessions as she did.

Treaty of Dover

Definition: The Treaty of Dover, also known as the Secret Treaty of Dover, was a treaty between England and France signed at Dover on June 1 1670. It required France to assist England in the king's aim that it would rejoin the Roman Catholic Church and England to assist France in its war of conquest against the Dutch Republic. Significance: The Treaty of Dover caused great distress in the English public. After going to war with the Netherlands, the King was forced to go to Parliament and ask for funds which was denied and he was forced to end the war with peace.

Glorious Revolution

Definition: The events of 1688-89 in England that resulted in the ousting of James II and the establishment of William III and Mary II as joint monarchs. Significance: The Revolution was successful and led to a new house in England with the installment of William III and Mary II of the House of Orange - Nassau.

William III

Definition: William III was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1702, Dutch stadholder (1672-1702), and prince of Orange. Married to Mary, daughter of James II, he was asked by the opponents of James to invade England and was proclaimed joint monarch with Mary after James fled. Significance: William III changed the rule of the monarchy in England forever. His choice to follow parliament unconditionally created an example that all Royals of England since have followed. He ended the absolute rule movement in England which created a parliamentary monarchy in England.

William and Mary

Definition: William and Mary were King and Queen of England after the glorious revolution. Mary's father, James II, was overthrown by her daughter and son in law, Mary and William. Significance: Their reign marked an end to the chance of a return of England to Catholicism and the increased cooperation between Parliament and the monarchy led to a more democratic and free England. The English Bill of Rights, signed by William and Mary, inspired the future American Revolution which created the United States of America.

Mercantilism

Duke of Sully formed this: 1) maximize foreign exports 2) minimize foreign imports 3) maximize the gold and silver reserves

Michelle Tellier Louvois

French Secretary of State for War, increased the army quite a bit, made sure soldiers were paid regularly, soldiers were supplied properly, instituted promotion based on merit, young Frenchmen started to join the army

Duke of Sully

Henry IV's advisor, made it possible for trade, good business climate, merrchants were happy with Henry IV because of this guy, lowered the peasants' taxes, established paulettes- fees nobles paid in order to guarantee heredity, got the economy going to make people, mercantilism

Impositions

James I had to come up with new taxes in order to make enough money, so he came up with this, which was a tax on imported goods, and they had to import a lot of goods, so they made a lot of money

Charles I

James I's son ruled from 1625-1649; believes in divine right, asked Parliament for money, parliament gave no money to him, dismissed Parliament, came up with the Forced Loan, parliament made him agree to teh Petition of Right, had Duke of Buckingham assassinated

Versailles

Louis XIV built this, and it was pretty much an all-day party, used to domesticate the nobles, they ended up owing Louis XIV money, which was just what he wanted

Jean-Babptiste Combert

Louis XIV hired this guy as minister of finance, based his policies off mercantilism; maximize foreign exports, minimize foreign imports, aximize the gold and silver reserves

Anne of Austria

Louis XIV's mom, who ran France in his name when he was little

The Glorious Revolution

Parliament appointed William of Orange and James' daughter as king and queen and they sent an army against James, who fled to France, this is known as the _______ it was a bloodless revolution, William and Mary had to agree tot eh English Bill of Rights

William and Mary

Parliament asked this couple to step in as the monarchs of England instead of James, during the Glorious Revolution, were Protestant, daughter and son in law of James II, had to agree to the English Bill of Rights, Stuarts

The Restoration

Stuarts regained power in England, Parliament recalled ALL OF PARLIAMENT put the Stuarts back in power, people really bland to see Charles II's return after he had fled during the Civil War

The League of Augsburg and the Nine Years' War

These people kept their armies at full force because they were afraid of Louis XIV and his army that he kept at full force, this was fought in Europe with France, in North America, this was called "King William's War"

Pride's Purge

Thomas Pride, only Puritans allowed in Parliament, afterwards, called the Rump Parliament

Millenary Petition

a list of requests given to James I by Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London in order to claim the English throne. It is claimed, but not proven, that this petition had 1,000 signatures of Puritan ministers. This carefully worded document expressed Puritan distaste regarding the state of the Anglican Church, and took into consideration James' religious views as well as his liking for a debate

Popery

anti-Catholic legislation enacted after the Williamite War

Count-Duke of Olivares

court favourite (valido) of King Philip IV of Spain

The New Model Army

headed up by Oliver Cromwell, very disciplined,new tactics, wanted to create an army of godly men

Cardinal Mazarin

hired by Anne of Austria to help run France, used the same policies as Richelieu, but wasn't Richelieu, so the Fronde occurred which was a rebellion against his policies, and he fled from France

Divine Right of Kings

i am king because god made me king

Thorough

instituted by Earl of Stafford (Thomas Wentworth) and was efficient, cut government employees in order to save money

Charles II of Spain

known as "The Sufferer", product of extreme in-breeding, extremely large jaw, no heir, led to the War of Spanish Succession

Thomas Wentworth

known as the Earl of Stafford, instituted new polocy called thorough; efficiency, cut gov't employees to save money

Corvee

labor, often unpaid, that is required of people of lower social standing and imposed on them by their superiors (often an aristocrat or noble).

Oliver Cromwell

leader of the New Model Army, led the army against Scotland and crushed the rebellion, was a member of Parliament, in 1653, disbanded Parliament and ruled himself the Protectorate, had a budget 3x larger than Chres I, got England Jamaica, died in 1658

Thomas Pride

led the Pride's Purge, where only Puritans were allowed in Parliament

Presbyterians

lived in Scotland, were discriminated against, came to hate England

Cardinal Richelieu

made all the important decisions during Louis XIII's reign, didn't want the Habsburgs to have power in France, wanted it all to be about Catholics in France

Sebastien Vauban

military engineer, changed the tactics, canon could blow through them, earthen forts, absorbs the blow, trench warfare

Forced Loan

nobles either had to give Charles I money or go to jail

John Pym

not friendly to Charles I, rallied Parliament against Charles (The Short Parliament), leader of Parliament, didn't give money to Charles

Raison d'etat

one of Richelieu's policies saying that the state can do things that are "illegal", giving the government more power to do whatever they want

Petition of Right

part of the English Constitution, king couldn't imprison subjects without due cause, couldn't force a loan or anything without Parliament's permission, no quartering of troops without permission of homeowner, Charles I agreed to this

Thomas Hobbes

philosopher who argued for the liberty of people

The Fronde

rebellion that started in Paris and spread throughout France against Mazarin and the policies of Richelieu

Henry IV

started absolutism, people were fighting civil wars in France, Henry IV became Catholic in order to make the people happy (politique), passed the Edict of Nantes to make the Protestants happy, through religious settlement, Henry IV brought peace to France, got people to turn to the king, instead of nobles

War of Spanish Succession

started because Charles II "The Sufferer" was created by lots of inbreeding, and couldn't produce an heir, he died, and Louis XIV's grandson, Philip, had a claim to the throne, but the Austrian Habsburgs wanted Ferdinand on the throne, Louis XIV went and put his gson on the throne and attacked the Holy Romen Empire, a lot of other countries helped the HRE including England, the Netherlands, and they formed the Great Alliance. basically this was France v. Europe, France Lost, ended with the Treaty of Utrecht

Jansenists

started by Cornelius Jansen, appealed to the Huguenots because it was almost Protestant in nature, and the Huguenots rejoined the Catholic Church, Jesuits didn't like this, pope got rid of this, and Louis XIV enforced the pope's decision, all the Huguenot converts went back to Protestantism

Poundage

tax, rate, or commission, etc. per pound (sterling or weight); weight in pounds

Tonnage

taxes paid by a shipping company based on the total tonnage of its ships

The Puritan Republic

the Rump Parliament's rulings, banned going to the theater, playing sports, banned dancing and public drunkedness, imposed Puritan values, Oliver Cromwell and New Model Army went up to Scotland to teach them a lesson, crushed the Scots, made them very angry

Anglican Book of Common Prayer

the book the Anglican Church prayed with

James I

the first of the Stuarts to sit on the throne, raised as a Presbyterian, believed in the Divine Right of Kings, had to deal with financial problems, Elizabeth left lots of debt, he was a deficit spender, Parliament controlled the budget, he upset Parliament by bypassing their authority, was an Anglican when he was in England, retranslated the Bible in 1611, "King _____'s Bible", gave too much power to the Duke of Buckingham

dauphin

the heir to the throne in France

James II

the only problem with this guy as king was that he was openly Catholic, the M.P's who supported James were the torries, M.P.'s who didn't support James were the whigs, not moderate, believed in divine right, flaunted his Catholocismn, Parliament didnt like him, disowned the Test Act

Ship Money

the tax paid by people who lived on the coast, Charles I/Thomas Wentworth instituted it on people living everywhere, but it didn't make the English very happy

Navigation Acts

these were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries

Popish Plot

these were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries

Arminians

this a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609)[1] and his historic followers, the Remonstrants. The doctrine's acceptance stretches through much of Christianity from the early arguments between Athanasius and Origen, to Augustine of Hippo's defense of "original sin"

Hampton Court

this was when the Puritans presented ames with the Millenary grievances, list of grievances about the Anglican church

Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bosseut

used propaganda and examples for the Bible such as "David was king b/c God made him king, God made Louis XIV king

Intendants

used to make Louis XIII more powerful, sent out to the 39 generalities, they recruited the army, kept nobles in line, the king's voice in the countryside, lessened the power of the king

William Laud

was an archbishop; puritans hated him, wasn't very tactful, tried to make the Episcopal system place in England and Scotland, Scots rebelled against him

Short Parliament

when John Pym, leader of Parliament, and not friendly to Charled rallied the Parliament against charles, lasted three weeks, didn't give charles money, charles dismissed them