AP Euro Chapters 29-31

c

Poland differed from the other Eastern bloc states because A) its economy was managed effectively. B) it retained an independent military. C) of its independent agriculture and vigorous church. D) of its native leadership. E) of its refusal to borrow from the West.

d

Simone de Beauvoir argued that women could become freer through A) political revolution. B) the abolition of marriage. C) refusal to have children. D) courageous action and self-assertive creativity. E) sexual promiscuity.

a

Simone de Beauvoir was A) an influential author in the postwar feminist movement. B) minister of culture in Charles de Gaulle's government. C) a French Resistance fighter executed by the Nazis. D) secretary of the French Communist party during the strikes and riots of 1947. E) president of the Sorbonne during the student uprising of 1968.

e

The earliest part of Gorbachev's reform campaign in the U.S.S.R. featured A) concessions to demands for autonomy from non-Russian ethnic groups. B) a campaign to remove Jews from official positions. C) an attempt to modernize the Soviet nuclear weapons arsenal. D) a call for a multiparty political system. E) antialcoholism and anticorruption drives.

a

The first German act of aggression that could not be justified by selfdetermination was the A) annexation of Austria. B) occupation of the non-ethnically German areas of Czechoslovakia. C) invasion of Poland. D) remilitarization of the Rhineland. E) invasion of Denmark.

d

The leaders of the Czechoslovak reform movement of 1968 attempted to A) abolish the Communist party. B) remove Czechoslovakia from the Warsaw Pact. C) reintroduce capitalism and liberalism. D) make communism more humane. E) collectivize agriculture.

b

The leveling of European society was a product of all of the following except A) social welfare programs. B) increased immigration resulting from decolonization. C) a rising standard of living and standardized consumer goods. D) higher taxes on the rich. E) high demand by government and corporations for technologists and managers.

b

The most impressive accomplishments of Stalin's five-year plans occurred in A) collectivized agriculture. B) heavy industry. C) consumer industry D) foreign trade. E) foreign investment.

b

According to Hitler's New Order, the European "race" that was next to the Jews on Hitler's scale of subhumans was the A) Latin race. B) Slavic race. C) Nordic race D) Anglo-Saxon race. E) Magyar race.

a

According to the _____________ Doctrine, the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it saw the need. A) Brezhnev B) Gorbachev C) Stalin D) Khrushchev E) Dubèek

e

According to the text, European societies in the early twenty-first century face all of the following problems except A) declining birthrates. B) aging of the population. C) a large influx of refugees from civil wars inside Europe. D) illegal immigration. E) rapidly declining living standards.

d

After World War II, the Soviet Union A) experienced a period of general freedom. B) underwent a consumer revolution. C) reintroduced Lenin's New Economic Policy. D) returned to the totalitarianism of the 1930s. E) accepted Marshall Plan aid from the United States.

b

All of the following were factors in the success of Stalin's industrialization drive except A) a sharp decrease in domestic consumption. B) the skill of Soviet economists. C) extensive labor discipline. D) the use of foreign experts. E) the crushing of independent labor unions.

d

Among the objectives of Stalin's first Five-Year Plan were all of the following except A) to stamp out the small-scale private enterprise tolerated under the NEP. B) to catch up with the advanced capitalist countries in industrial and military power. C) to squeeze out of the peasants the capital needed for industrialization. D) to Russify the ethnic minority groups in the U.S.S.R. E) to prevent the growth of an independent class of "capitalist" peasants

e

Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he A) remilitarized the Rhineland. B) occupied Austria. C) took the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. D) invaded Norway. E) used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland.

a

Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of A) economic and technological transformation. B) rising birthrates among the lower classes. C) the slaughter of World War II. D) political and social revolution. E) large-scale emigration.

b

Common goals of the women's movement included all of the following except A) eliminating discrimination in the workplace. B) elimination of male-dominated governments. C) legislation to legalize abortion and divorce. D) support for programs to help single parents. E) support for affordable day care.

e

Conservative party figures ousted Khruschev from the Soviet leadership because of all of the following except A) Stalin's former henchmen feared that Khrushchev's de-Stalinization campaign would ultimately reach them. B) Khrushchev's 1958 failure to force the NATO allies out of West Berlin. C) Khrushchev's humiliation in the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. D) de-Stalinization ultimately threatened the party's monopoly on political power. E) Khrushchev's readiness to let Soviet satellites leave the Warsaw Pact.

a

Gorbachev's encouragement of reform movements in Poland and Hungary was a repudiation of the ____________ doctrine. A) Brezhnev B) Truman C) Stalin D) Glasnost E) Detente

c

Gorbachev's reforms included all of the following except A) freer prices. B) more independence for state enterprises. C) the breakup of collective farms. D) the establishment of profitseeking private cooperatives. E) a relaxation of state censorship.

a

Hitler acquired absolute dictatorial powers, through the Enabling Act, as a result of A) the Reichstag fire and dirty politicking. B) a wave of strikes by German labor unions. C) the remilitarization of the Rhineland. D) the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jew. E) the election of 1932.

b

Hitler's Mein Kampf included all of the following basic themes except A) living space. B) land reform. C) race. D) the leaderdictator. E) the masses were driven by fanaticism, not by knowledge.

a

Hitler's popularity was based on all of the following except A) his establishment of equality for women. B) growing profits for business. C) the perception of greater equality and social mobility for all Germans. D) his successes in foreign policy. E) high employment and rising real wages.

b

Hitler's promise to create "national socialism," a path between capitalism and communism was directed primarily at A) the army officer corps. B) the middle and lower-middle classes. C) big business. D) urban workers. E) the intelligentsia

c

How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian empire in 1913? A) They were far higher. B) They were marginally higher. C) They were lower. D) They were approximately the same. E) Available data do not allow comparison.

d

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women A) were relegated to agricultural and domestic labor. B) were urged to liberate themselves sexually. C) shared family duties equally with men. D) were able to pursue professional careers. E) lost the right to vote.

c

In order to foster economic growth, the German Minister of the Economy Ludwig Erhard A) dismantled the extensive social welfare network. B) retained the Nazi-era economic planning machinery. C) emphasized free market capitalism. D) adopted the French model of a mixed economy. E) privatized major state-owned industries.

a

In the revolutions of 1989, the first state to elect a noncommunist leader was A) Poland. B) East Germany. C) Czechoslovakia. D) Romania. E) Hungary.

b

Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the A) urban workers. B) Russian peasants. C) White counterrevolutionaries. D) foreign capitalists. E) Russian intelligentsia.

The Truman Doctrine

Post world war 2 Truman tried to convince the Congress to adopt a plan of containment. Sending aid to countries that might be taken over by communism the start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion Help those threatened by communism by giving economic and military aid

a

Slobodan Milosevic's plan, which hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia, was known as A) Greater Serbia. B) the Third Way. C) the League of Communists. D) the Commonwealth of Independent States. E) Titoism.

e

Stalin ordered the liquidation of the kulaks, the _____________, in 1929. A) small shopkeepers B) descendants of the Cossacks C) lower middle class D) army officers E) better-off peasants

b

Stalin's theory of "socialism in one country" A) was originally proposed by Leon Trotsky. B) argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own. C) maintained that the success of socialism depended on world revolution. D) was rejected by the Communist party. E) proposed that the Soviet Union should give up trying to catalyze the world proletarian revolution

c

The Helsinki agreement of 1975 called for A) the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. B) the reunification of eastern and western Europe. C) respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries. D) American deescalation in Vietnam and Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. E) Finnish neutrality in the cold war.

a

The Lateran Agreement indicated that Mussolini had the support of A) the pope and the Catholic church. B) Italian labor unions. C) Nazi Germany. D) fascist Spain. E) the Greek government.

c

The Manhattan Project was responsible for the development of A) jet aircraft. B) radar. C) the atomic bomb. D) computers. E) code-breaking algorithms.

c

The Nuremberg Laws A) outlawed private property in the Soviet Union. B) established the parallel government/party structure of Nazi Germany. C) deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship. D) attempted to implement Hitler's promises of "work and bread." E) established "reservations" for Jews on German territory.

a

The goal of the Truman Doctrine was to A) contain communism in areas liberated by the Red Army. B) rebuild the European economies. C) force the communists out of eastern Europe. D) destroy the communist parties in western Europe. E) enable cuts in U.S. military spending.

a

The newer comparative studies of fascism identify all of the following as shared characteristics except A) alliance with working-class movements. B) extreme, expansionist nationalism. C) a dynamic and violent leader. D) glorification of war and the military. E) alliance with powerful capitalists and landowners

b

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 largely because A) socialist workers were seizing control of factories. B) of the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants. C) of mass unemployment. D) of mutinies in the Italian fleet. E) of the general strike against the government declared by the Catholic church.

e

The regimes of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, and the Stalinist Soviet Union all shared a A) complete rejection of private property. B) violently racist ideology. C) goal of complete economic transformation. D) respect for the independence of established churches. E) profound hatred of Western liberalism

a

The strategic decision that most epitomized Hitler's violent and unlimited ambitions was the A) invasion of the Soviet Union. B) offensive into the eastern Mediterranean. C) declaration of war against the United States. D) bombing of British cities during the Battle of Britain. E) occupation of the Rhineland.

d

The term Final Solution refers to A) Stalin's industrialization drive. B) the Allies' demand that Germany had to surrender unconditionally. C) Hitler's suicide as Soviet troops stormed Berlin. D) the attempted extermination of European Jews by the Nazis. E) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.

c

The wave of social unrest that almost toppled de Gaulle's Fifth Republic was begun by A) workers. B) peasants. C) students. D) civil servants. E) the army.

a

The workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk demanded all of the following except A) dissolution of the Communist party. B) the right to form free labor unions. C) economic reforms. D) freedom of speech. E) the release of political prisoners.

b

Under Stalin, Soviet workers had all of the following except A) free education B) abundant housing C) old-age pensions D) free medical service E) day-care centers for children