AP Euro Cold War Exam

After the war, why did national governments quickly establish authority over questions of guilt and punishment for those who had collaborated with the Nazi regime?

Unofficial groups were seizing and executing alleged collaborators on their own

The Marshall Plan in 1947 was a response to...

the devastation of World War II

Common Market

A common market is a formal agreement where a group is formed amongst several countries that adopt a common external tariff. Tariffs are a common element in international trading.

Displaced People

A person expelled, deported, or impelled to flee from his country of nationality or habitual residence by the forces or consequences of war or oppression.

How did the Soviet Union and Eastern European Communist regimes treat displaced peoples return home from war?

As politically unreliable because of their exposure to western european society

The ultimate period of the plan for international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe in the 1950s was to...

Bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be impossible

Why did the Council of Europe fail to evolve into a European parliament with sovereign rights?

Britain, with its still-vast empire and its close relationship with the US, consistently opposed conceding sovereignty to the council

What position did Christian democrats across Europe endorse during the 1950s?

Christian Democrats rejected authoritarianism and narrow nationalism and placed their faith in democracy and liberalism.

Christian Democrats

Christian democrats' views include traditional moral values (on marriage, abortion, prohibition of drugs etc.), opposition to secularization, opposition to state atheism, a view of the evolutionary (as opposed to revolutionary) development of society, an emphasis on law and order, and a rejection of communism.

Cold War

Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

Comecon, byname of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), also called (from 1991) Organization for International Economic Cooperation, organization established in January 1949 to facilitate and coordinate the economic development of the eastern European countries belonging to the Soviet bloc.

What did Khruschez's de-Stalinization campaign call for?

De-Stalinization meant an end to the role of large-scale forced labour in the economy

De-Stalinization

De-Stalinization meant an end to the role of large-scale forced labour in the economy. The process of freeing Gulag prisoners was started by Lavrentiy Beria. He was soon removed from power, arrested on 26 June 1953, and executed on 24 December 1953. Khrushchev emerged as the most powerful Soviet politician.

Changes in the structure of European society after the Second World War were primarily the...

Economic and technological transformation

In the 1950s and 1960s what became the basic objective of all Western European governments?

Economic growth.

According to the best estimates, about how many people died in the Second World War?

Estimates suggest that some 75 million people died in World War II, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians.

How did the Soviet Unions's treatment of Czechoslovakia in 1948 demonstrate its intention to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe?

Even though the Czech Communist Party had won significant electoral support, Stalin still overthrew the government and established a one-party communist dictatorship

NATO

Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington Treaty, NATO is a security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe. NATO's fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means.

The advancement in weaponry and the space race...

Fostered a revolution in computer technology

In 1954, Vietnam received independence from...

France

Which six Western European countries formed the European Economic Community, or Common Market, in 1957?

France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg

Why did Charles de Gaulle withdraw France from NATO?

He viewed the United States as the main threat to French Independence.

The growth of the middle class in the postwar era is primarily attributed to...

Increased demand for technologists and managers

What did the Marshall Plan accomplish?

It was one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history, preventing economic collapse in Western Europe

How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?

Mao promised to expropriate land from the large land owners.

THe international military tribunal organized by the four Allied powers to try the highest-ranking Nazi military and civilian leaders was held in the city of...

Nuremberg, Germany

What was the consequence of Franklin D. Roosevelt's agreement with Joseph Stalin at the Tehran Conference that the British-American armies would launch a frontal assault on France?

Only Soviet troops would liberate Eastern Europe

What did the West German minister of economy do in 1957 to foster economic growth?

Signed the Treaty of Rome, which created the Common Market.

After the Second World War, the Soviet Union...

Soviet Union Takes Over Eastern Europe

At the time of the Yalta Conference in 194, why was the position of the Soviet Union much stronger in negotiations with Great Britain and the United States?

Stalin demanded a soviet sphere of political influence in eastern and central Europe as an essential aspect of the soviets national security strategy

Why was West Germany allowed to build an army after 1955?

The German army would permit Germany to defend itself by attack from the Soviet Union

Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent. The brainchild of U.S. Secretary of State George C.

How did the Soviet Union initially organize the Eastern Europe nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes?

The Soviet Union created coalition governments of leftist political parties but reserved key government posts for Moscow-trained communists

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania (Albania withdrew in 1968).

Guest worker program

These programs allow employers to obtain permission to hire foreign workers on temporary visas after engaging in recruitment in the U.S. and promising to meet certain requirements regarding recruitment, wages and/or working conditions.

When did Jews in Palestine proclaim the state on Israel?

When the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948

Truman Doctrine

With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

Decolonization

decolonization, process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country. Decolonization was gradual and peaceful for some British colonies largely settled by expatriates but violent for others, where native rebellions were energized by nationalism.

What was the result of the breaking of the Berlin blockade?

dissolution of East Germany and the official reunification of the German state along the democratic lines of the West German Basic Law.

Nonalignment

not allied with other nations and especially with either the Communist or the non-Communist blocs.