Ap Euro Final

The selling of indulgences by Tetzel was strongly supported by Frederick the wise and Martin Luther Ture or False

False

Which of the following best describes the Christian humanism of Erasmus?

C. The application of Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform

Which of these is the main characteristic exoected of Jesuits? A. independence B. intelligence C. submission D. creativity

C. submission

By the late 15th century, Europe's population was recovering from the great losses caused by the plagues of the Middle Ages Ture or False

True

The explorations of French expeditions gave France claim to which part of the New World? A. Canada B. Mexico C. South America D. Panama E. California

A. Canada

Which of the following was the Dominican priest who sought to lessen the ill-treatment of the Indians in the Spanish New World by suggesting the use of African slaves in place of Indian workers? A. Amerigo Vespucci B. Bartoleme de Las Casas C. Hernando Cortes D. Franciso Pizzaro E. Gaspar Vega

B. Bartoleme de Las Casas

Which of the following statements regarding the architecture of the Renaissance is not true? A. It is used classical elements in new ways B. They never could figure out how to build a dome C. It used geometric shapes as decoration D. Many public buildings were sponsored by the city-governments and the Roman Catholic Church E. It was often used to bring glory and renown to its Parton

B. They never could figure out how to build a dome

The image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments during the Renaissance?

D. The growth of individualist humanism in artistic expression

Petrarch was more secular in outlook then his contemporary Dante Ture or False

True

The image could best be used to illustrate which of the following general aspects of the initial encounters between Europeans and Native Americans? A. European explorers were often outnumbered by Native Americans B. Advances in military and maritime technology usually gave Europeans an advantages over Natuve Americans C. Lack of knowledge of Native American languages hindered the European's ability to understand Native American cultures D. The arrival of Europeans often threatened existing hierarchies in Native American societies

B. Advances in military and maritime technology usually gave Europeans an advantages over Natuve Americans

Which of the following explorers, sailing under the flag of Portugal, reached the west coast of India after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and crossing the Indian Ocean? A. John Cabot B. Vasco da Gama C. Bartolomeu Dias D. Amerigo Vespucci E. Ferdinand Magellan

B. Vasco da Gama

"A prince should have only one end and one idea in mind, take only one subject for study, and it is war, its science, and discipline; for it is the only science that deals with the ruler's problems... not only maintains those born to princedoms but often causes men of private origin to rise to that rank.... The first cause of losing power is the neglect of this art; the cause of winning power lies in its mastery." In writing the passage above, Machiavelli drew on his observations of which of the following? A. Feudal warfare in medieval Europe B. Warfare among the Italian city-states C. Sixteenth-century religious wars D. Warfare among the European colonial powers E. Warfare during the Crusades

B. Warfare among the Italian city-states

Which of the following statements regarding Columbus is not true? A. He died not believeing that he had discobered a New World B. At one point in his career he was arrested by the Spamish crown C. He died a very rich and happy man D. He was accused of mistreating the Native Americans E. He never reached the North American mainland

C. He died a very rich and happy man

The Refornation was the result of many people's concerns about the Catholic Church True or False

Ture

In Denmark the conversion to Lutheranism was, in part, an attempt to be independent of Sweden Ture or False

False

The Peace of Augsburg recognized Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism as legal religions in the Holy Roman Empire Ture or False

False

The Golden Bull established a seven member group that selceted the new Holy Roman Emperor Ture or False

True

England throughout the Middle Ages had an uneasy relationship with the papacy Ture or False

True

Vasari stated that Da Vinci's major character flaw was the fact that he rarely finished anything Ture or False

True

Zwingli, as the people's priest in Zurich started the Swiss Reformation Ture or False

True

In the second half of the 16th century Spiritualism replaced Lutheranism as the dominant Protestant force Europe Ture or False

False

Lorenzo Valla used scholarly methods in proving the Donation of Constantine was an authenic document Ture or False

False

Luther agreed with Mirandola and Erasmus that God had made humans capable of "doing whatever they willed." Ture or False

False

Luther believed that it was Faith and good works that earned a person salavtion Ture or False

False

Luther was a strong supporter of the German Peasant Revolts and their demands for social reform Ture or False

False

Machiavelli believed that a ruler must be loved by those he rules to be successful Ture or False

False

Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or conversion of Muslims and Jews because

A. They are hostile to religions other than Christianity

Henry VIII was a conservative in religious matters. He didn't want great changes nor many changes in the Church in England Ture or False

True

Michelangelo worked and excelled in a variety of arts Ture or False

True

Roman Catholics, Lutherns, and Calvinists condemned Anabaptists for their A. Belief in adult baptism B. Support for infant baptism C. secular outlook on the world D. Support for papal supremacy E. Use of magic to achieve religious reform

A. Belief in adult baptism

In Mirandola's ORATION ON THE DIGNITY OF MAN, God created humans with a nature that shared traits of all other creatures Ture or False

True

Ludovico Sforza invited the French into Italy to help Milan in a war with Naples Ture or False

True

Luther called upon the German princes to reform the Church in their own lands as the Pope seemed unwilling to do so Ture or False

True

Luther's 95 Theses were quickly spread throughout the Holy Roman Empire by his fellow humanists Ture or False

True

Machiavelli was a great believer in the republican form of government and in a citizen militua to defend it Ture or False

True

Medieval Europe was a fragmented fedal society with an agricultural economy Ture or False

True

The writing by Zwingli states his opinion on the errors made by the Catholic Church Ture or False

True

The effect of Platonism can be best seen in the work of Lorenzo Valla in the translation of Greek writings Ture or False

False

For Luther, the way to avoid punishment for one's sins is to A. buy indulgences B. seek the pope's forgiveness C. repent D. follow the Catholic Church

C. repent

The ordinances in the passage best exemplify which of the following aspects of Calvinism? A. The rejection of Roman Catholic sacraments B. The recognition of the desirability of religious toleration in mixed-faith communities C. the belief that laws must be based on religious principles D. The belief in the predestination of the elect to salvation

C. the belief that laws must be based on religious principles

The phrase "just as an old man's stick" likens the members of the Jesuit order to A. slaves B. priests C. tools D. the sick

C. tools

Calvin believed that ones life on Earth should reflect the fact that they were "saved". Live a life pleasing to God as a sign of ones "election" Ture or False

True

Cardinal Wolsey was placed in charge of securing Henry VIII an annulment fron his marriage to Cathrine. He failed. Ture or False

True

Savonarola ruled Florence for 4 years after paying the French to leave Florence Ture or False

True

Switzerland in the 15th and 16th centuries saw a growing sense of nationalism and a desire for Church reform Ture or False

True

The political turbulence and warfare of the Renaissance lead to the development of the art of diplomacy Ture or False

True

The writing by Luther in the text as well as the sketch by Durer reveal their sympathy and support of the peasants Ture or False

False

An idulgence was seen to take away part of a person's time in purgatory Ture or False

True

One reason that Charles V did not attack the Lutherans, at first, was his need for their support against France and the Ottoman Empire Ture or False

True

Sir Thomas More wrote the book UTOPIA as a criticism of the society of his time Ture or False

True

The Anabaptists believed in adult baptism. Theu ofteb "rebaptized" themselves in adulthood. Ture or False

True

The Catholic Church was not pleased by the activites of Erasmus and his fellow Northern Humansits Ture or False

True

The Diet of Augsburg was Charles V first real attempt to deal with the promblem of Lutheranism and it failed Ture or False

True

The High Renaissance saw the values of the laity/secular world grow in importance Ture or False

True

The Italian Humanists studied the Latin and Greek classics and used a liberal arts program of study Ture or False

True

The Six Articles of 1539 sated Henry VIII religious beliefs which retained many beliefs/practices of the Roman Catholic Faith Ture or False

True

The defeat of England in the 100 years war and the defeat of the Burgundian forces of Charles the Bold were two important factors in the rise of the French monarchy's power Ture or False

True

The revival of Greek studies in the Renaissance was centered upon the works/ideas of Plato Ture or False

True

Castiglione wrote a book on the education of noble children Ture or False

False

Charles V was elected the Holy Roman Emperor with the promise that he would crush the Lutheran movement immediately Ture or False

False

Cosimo de'Medici ruled Florence by holding most of the offices of the government himself Ture or False

False

The Holy Roman Emperor, like most monarchs of this time, greatly increased the central government,s control of the states that made up the Holy Roman Empire Ture or False

False

The Italian city-states of the Renaissance had economies in which trade played almost no role Ture or False

False

The Northern Humanist tended to focus their efforts on translating Classical Greco-Roman texts such as Cicero and Plato Ture or False

False

Henry VII of England placed the York family securley on the English throne Ture or False

False

Based upon the image and its historical context, which of the following groups woulf have been most likely to commission paintings simailar to Durer's SELF-PORTRAIT?

A. Commerical elites who sponsored art that emphasized everyday life and naturalist style

The political assessment above of Renaissance citizens can be found in A. Castiglione's THE BOOK OF THE COURTIER B. Shakespeare's JULIUS CAESAR C. More's UTOPIA D. Machiavelli's THE PRINCE E. Cellini's AUTOBIOGRAPHY

D. Machiavelli's THE PRINCE

In his attacks upon Tetzel/indulgences Martin Luther which of the following? A.Stood alone in his concern over the practice B. Violated normal procedure in posting his theses C. Consciously set out to create a new Church/religion D. Reflection a concern felt by a number of people over the practice E. Caused little concern or notice

D. Reflection a concern felt by a number of people over the practice

The main area of disagreement between Luther and Zwingli was over the question of allowing clergy to be married Ture or False

False

The main function of a Renaissance garden was to provide a place for its owner to rest quietly Ture or False

False

Civic Humanism was based on the idea that education should help produce citizens of virtue who engage public service that benefit their city-state and its inhabitants Ture or False

True

De Cisneros, a Spanish Humanist, wrote the POLYGLOT Bible which contained the Biblical verses in Hebrew, Greek, Latin placed side by side Ture or False

True

Florence was a striking example of a city-state which experienced social division and anarchy at times Ture or False

True

Henry VIII married Cathwrine of Spain, the widow of his older brother Aruther Ture or False

True

Louis XII invaded Italy as an ally of Pope Alexander VI. The Pope had annulled Louis XII's marriage so that the king could wed another women Ture or False

True

One of the key factors in the development/spread of printing press was the appearance of a cheap way to make paper Ture or False

True

The Peace of Augsburg stated that the religion of the ruler would be the religion of all his subjects Ture or False

True

The Reformation happended during a period of sharp conflict between the emerging nation-states of Europe and the self-govering towns and villages Ture or False

True

During the rule of Edward VI the Church of England adopted even more of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church Ture or False

False

Edward was succeeded to the throne by Elizabeth I under whose rule the Church of England would become more Protestant in belifs and Practices Ture or False

False

Erasmus felt that people were sinful and incapable of ever really being worthy of God's attention Ture or False

False

Martin Luther was the son of a German prince who encourged Luther to become a priest Ture or False

False

Michelangelo first became famous for his painting The School of Athens Ture or False

False

Monarchies created standing armies that were made up, for the most part, by citizen-soldiers Ture or False

False

Most slaves during the Renaissance were primarily from Africa Ture or False

False

Northern Humansim was only found in the Neterlands and didnt have much influence outside of a limited area Ture or False

False

One of Calvin's main beliefs was in the practice of total pacifism Ture or False

False

Slavery was rarely practiced in Europe during the Renaissance Ture or False

False

For Luther, indulgences are A. too expensive B. useless C. legitimate D. only for true Christians

B. useless

Who is regarded as "the father of humanusm"? A. Alberti B. Petrarch C. Machiavelli D. Castiglione E. Lorenzo de Medici

B. Petrarch

Dante was the "Father of Humanism" and made Latin the language of the educated Ture or False

False

Geneva became a center of refuge for many persecuted Protestants from all over Western Europe Ture or False

True

Civic Humanism is best expressed in the work ON THE FAMILY written by which of the following? A. Alberti B. Petrarch C. Machiavelli D. Castglione E. Cosimo de Medici

A. Alberti

The Church of England was it existed under Henry VIII was which of the following? A. Catholic without the pope B. Calvinist but not as strict C. Puritanical D. Determined to convert the world E. Anabaptist in beliefs

A. Catholic without the pope

The image provides the most reliable information about which of the following? A. European attitudes toward non-European peoples B. Stylistic features of Native American art and artifacts C. The exact geographic location of first landing in America D. The Willingness of Native Americans to welcome the arrival of Europeans

A. European attitudes toward non-European peoples

Which of the following is a true statemnet regarding Charles V? A. He abdicated his thrones and ended his life as a monk B. He died in battle fighting the French C. He hated his father for leaving him prisoner in Spain D. He died in a joust celebratinghis victory over the French E. He spent most of his time in Spain battling the Moors

A. He abdicated his thrones and ended his life as a monk

Which of the following statements is true regarding the early European attempts at exploration? A. Many of the achievements in discovery/explorations are today regarded as having both negative and positive results B. Not much had really been accomplished C. The Portuguese were well on their way to establishing a series of colonies in the New World D. The New World was being settled but no one had discovered a sea route to the Asian lands and their spices E. The English led the way in colonization of the New World

A. Many of the achievements in discovery/explorations are today regarded as having both negative and positive results

Which of the following was not a cause of the age of exploration in Europe? A. The continued encroachment into Central Europe of the Mongols B. Advances in technology allowed long sea voyages to be possible C. Ottoman expansion hindered access to the goods of the east D. Great demand in Europe for eastern spices E. Desire to convert people to Christianity

A. The continued encroachment into Central Europe of the Mongols

Which of the following was a MAJOR reason for the flowering of the arts in Florence? A. The high demand for works of art B. The excellent supply of canvas and stone in the city C. The strong support of the arts by the Holy Roman Emperor D. The peasants participation in the production of artistic works E. The city exempted artists from paying income taxes

A. The high demans for works of art

The image provides the clearest evidence for which of the following features of European expansion in the early modern period? A. The spread of Christianity as a justification for the subjugation of indigenous peoples B. The reliance of European colonists on indigenous peoples as sources of information about new territories C. The rapid adoption of some European technologies by indigenous peoples D. The creation of hybrid cultures that incorporated both European and indigenous elements

A. The spread of Christianity as a justification for the subjugation of indigenous peoples

Which of the following affected the status of women during the Reformation? A. The suppression of nunneries and the institution of a married celrgy B. Papal agreement allowing the ordination of women C. Permission from secular rulers permitting women to own property D. The abolition of primogeniture and the institution of equal inheritance for men and women E. The establishment of equal access to education for men and women

A. The suppression of nunneries and the institution of a married celrgy

Florence built its prosperity on which of the following?A. Wool trade and banking B. Military conquest C. Art sales D. Taxes collected by the government E. Religious tourism

A. Wool trade and banking

According to Calvin, divine "foreknowledge" and predestination are A. part of the same idea B. mutually exclusive C. the same thing D. erroneous doctrines

A. part of the same idea

In the sixteenth century, Geneva and most other European towns and cities experienced which of the following demographic transformations? A. significant migration from the countryside B. significant immigration from overseas colonies C. declining populations as a result of diseases from the New World D. rapid growth largely driven by an increase in the birthrate of the urban population

A. significant migration from the countryside

In this passage, Luther implicitly challenges the authority of A. the Catholic Church B. priests C. the Bible D. Christ

A. the Catholic Church

Which of these was the most likely barrier to the power of Charles V in Italy? A. the papacy B. Naples C. France D. Castile

A. the papacy

Which of the following was not a powerful force working against the unification of France?

C. The impact of the Black Death was still devasting the land

The Court of Star Chamber was which of the following?

B. An English royal court which used Roman law

In the excerpt above from a letter written in 1555 by French poet Louis Labe, the author does which of the following? A. Rejects domestic roles for women B. Champions women's intellectual abilities C. Condemns the Fench school system D. Encourages women to seek public office E. Asserts the social superiority of women

B. Champions women's intellectual abilities

Renaissance humanism drew its main inspiration from A. Religious asceticism B. Classical languages/literature C. The curricula of medieval universities D. Political reforms of the Holy Roman Empire E. The ideas of Dantes INFERNO

B. Classical languages/literature

A central feature of the Catholic Reformation was the A. Roman Catholic church's inability to correct abuses B. Establishment of new religious orders such as the Jesuits C. Transfer of authority from Rome to the bishoprics D. Rejection of Baroque art E. Toleration of Protestants in the Roman Catholic countries

B. Establishment of new religious orders such as the Jesuits

Which of the following was taken captive at Pavia resulting in the Treaty of Madrid? A. Charles V of Spain/H.R.E B. Francis I of France C. Henry II of France D. Henry VIII of England E. Ivan IV of Muscovy

B. Francis I of France

The order that answers the question above was founded by which of the following? A. Ignatius Loyola B. Francis Xavier C. Teresa of Alila D. Erasmus E. Thomas

B. Frncis Xavier

Which of the following would not be true regarding Durer? A. He is associated with the Northern Renaissance B. He worked on strictly secular themes C. Some of his most intersting work has been done in the form of woodcuts/etchings D. He lived during the beginning of the Protestant Reformation E. He studied for a time in Italy

B. He worked on strictly secular themes

One of the factors that kept Charles V from suppressing the Protestants in his land was which of the follwing? A. His belief in Lutheranism B. His need of the German princes' support against his enemies C. Orders from the pope not to harm the Protestants D. His great fear of Martin Luther E. His physical illnesses

B. His need of the German princes' support against his enemies

Which of the following statements best describes the English Reformation? A. It came solely beacuse of Henry's need for annulment B. It was based on an English tradition of dissent from Rome going back many years C. It was based on the principles of the Calvinist Reformation D. It was part of the Catholic Counter-Reformation E. It was a total failure

B. It was based on an English tradition of dissent from Rome going back many years

Which of the follwing was the catholic religious order that spear-headed the Counter-Reformation? A. Carmelites B. Jesuits C. Augustinians D. Franciscans E. Capuchins

B. Jesuits

The Tudors won the support of the upper middle class merchants by doing which of the following?

B. Promoting peace/social order

In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, John Calivn sought to A. Answer the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity B. Systematize Protestant doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity C. Challenge the growing political authority of Kings through the articulation of a theory of political resistance D. Promote a dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church E. Raise the culture level of Europeans by supporting universal schooling

B. Systematize Protestant doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity

All of the following statements about the Renaissance are true EXCEPT A. The preeminence of medieval Scholasticism was challenged B. The papacy became increasingly ascetic promoting mystical contact with God C. People looked increasingly back to the classical period for ideas and models D. Wealthy mercant princes patronized the arts E. There was interest in boarding the range of education

B. The papacy became increasingly ascetic promoting mystical contact with God

By the time the engraving was produced, the even portrayed had resulted in which of the following? A. The large-scale migration of Native American peoples to Europe B. The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas C. The establishment of colonies in the Americas by all major European powers D. The creating of an extensive plantation system in the West Indies that relied on Native American coerced labor

B. The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

A historian could best use the ordiance about usury as an example of A. an attempt to implement mercantillist policies B. a traditional restriction on market activites C. an attack on the financial policies of the Roman Catholic Church E. an effort to stimulate economic growth

B. a traditional restriction on market activites

According to this passage the position clamied by Catholic popes is A. well founded B. falsey taken C. merited D. too humble

B. falsey taken

Which of these best characterizes the power of Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire? A. weak B. limited C. negligible D. complete

B. limited

One characteristic of the Christian humanist was also a trait of the Italian Ren. humanist; which if the following? A. Desire to teach children in private schools B. Continuing the education of monks/nuns C. Effort to ensure accurate translations of ancient texts D. Devoted service/complete obedience to the papacy

C. Effort to ensure accurate translations of ancient texts

One characteristic of the Christian humanist was also a trait of the Italian Ren. humanist; which of the following is it? A. Desire to teach children in private schools B. Continuing the education of monks/nuns C. Effort to ensure accurate translations of ancient texts D. Devoted service/complete obedience to the papacy

C. Effort to ensure accurate translations of ancient texts

Which of the following most accurately states Martin Luthers basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation? A. Monasticism is the highest calling B. Personal works matter more than beliefs C. Faith is the key to slavtion D. Christians are not subject to secular authority E. Christians should show tolerance toward other faiths

C. Faith is the key to slavtion

In this map, which of these countries was most threatened by the power of Charles V? A. England B. Portugal C. France D. Poland

C. France

Which of the following was the family that dominated the politics of Florence? A. D'Este B. Pazzi C. Medici D. Sforza E. Visconti

C. Medici

Italian society differed from the rest of Europe during the Renaissance in which of the following ways? A. Strong tradition of kingship B. Political unity centered on the Papacy C. Number of urban commerical centers D. Rapid pace of agriculture innovation E. Matriarchal political leadership

C. Number of urban commerical centers

In THE PRINCE, Machiavelli asserted which of the following? A. Historical examples are useless for understanding political behavior B. The intelligent prince should keep his state neutral in the event of war C. People are not trustworthy and cannot be relied upon in time of need D. The prince should be guided by the ethical principles of Christianity E. Luck is of no consequence in the success or failure of Princes

C. People are not trustworthy and cannot be relied upon in time of need

The Council of Trent 1545-1563 was the major body through which A. Spain strengthened its position against the Turks B. The house of Habsburg gained control over Italy C The Roman Catholic Church reformed itself D. European states entered into economic cooperation E. Puritans and Catholic were reconciled

C. The Roman Catholic Church reformed itself

Which of the following best describes the Christian humanism of Erasmus? A. A complete break with Roman Catholic theology B. A defense of individual interpretation of the Bible C. The application of Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform D. A return to the Scholastic theology of Thomas Aquinas E. A plea for a return to monasticism as the highest Christian calling

C. The application of Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform

The Portuguese slave trade described in the passage led most directly to which of the following? A. Columbus' voyages of exploration B. The development of new navigational technology C. The establishment of a European-dominated system of plantation agriculture D. The foundation of East Indies trading companies

C. The establishment of a European-dominated system of plantation agriculture

Which of the following resulted from the English Reformation? A. Immediate wholesale persecution of Catholics in England B. Establishment of the English monarch as the head of the Church of England C. The pope naming of Henry VIIIcas "Defender of the Fiath" D. Papal recognition of the English church as independent, but still affiliated with Rome E. A revolt by members of the English aristocracy opposed to the Reformation

C. The pope naming of Henry VIIIcas "Defender of the Fiath"

Charles V became heir not only to the Spanish crown, but also to which of the following? A. Parts of Moorish North Africa B. France C. Vast Habsburg estates including Austria and Hungary D. The throne of England E. Russia

C. Vast Habsburg estates including Austria and Hungary

Castiglione's Book of the Courtier 1528 was intended as which of the following? A. A collection of enteraining travel stories B. A guide to the military affairs of the Italian peninsula C. A collection of meditations and spiritual reflections D. A guide to refined behavior and etiquette E. An allegory of courtly love

D. A guide to refined behavior and etiquette

The pope refused to annul Henry VIII's first marriage for all of the following reasons except A. He was distracted by the Luthern Revolt B. He would have admit that another pope had been wrong in letting the marriage take place in the first place C. Henry's wife whom he wished to divorce was the aunt of Charles V the H.R. Emperor D. Annulments were very rarely given to anyone

D. Annulments were very rarely given to anyone

Which of the following statements would not be associated with the High Renaissance? A. Shift of the center of art from Florence to Rome B. Michelangelo C. Spread of the Renaissance to Northern Europe D. Complete halt in the painting of religious themes E. Papal sponsorship of a great deal of art

D. Complete halt in the painting of religious themes

Other European states reacted to the Portuguese establishment of trading-post empire by A. Developing their internal industries B. Shifing their focus to trading in the Mediterranean C. Increasing overland trade with the Ottoman Empire D. Developing rival colonies and overseas trading networks

D. Developing rival colonies and overseas trading networks

"Our sins have their source in Adam, and because Adam ate the apple, we have inherited sin from him. But Christ has shattered death in order that we might be saved by his works and not by our works. Christ says: I am your Justification." Martin Luther Which of the following best describes Luther's meaning in the excerpt above? A. Only faith in Christ will bring salvation, not good works B. "Justification" is diffrent from salvation C. Faith means nothing without good works to demonstrate belief D. Good works are necessary for Justification E. Neither faith nor good works will bring salvation

D. Good works are necessary for Justification

Which of the following best describes the results of the Peace of Augsburg? A. It empowered German rulers to impose Lutheran, Calvinist, or Zwinglian Protestantism B. It was rejected by the Emperor Charles V C. It released all German-speaking states from papal authority D. It established toleration for Anabaptists in the Holy Roman Empire E. It provided a legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism

D. It established toleration for Anabaptists in the Holy Roman Empire

Which of the following statements regarding Magellan's Viyage is not true? A. It provided that one could sail around the world B. It provided that the spice isalnds could be reached by sailing west C. Magellan and most of his crew died before reaching Spain again D. It helped establism Spain as a leading world power due to the gold/sliver it brought back E. As a result of the voyage Spain concentrated its efforts on the New World

D. It helped establism Spain as a leading world power due to the gold/sliver it brought back

Martin Luther believed that the most important role for a Christian woman was to A. Minister to the sick/poor B. Preach the word of God in the Church on Sunday C. Become a wife/mother D. Lead to a life devoted primarily to prayer and contemplation E. Teach reading/writing in a religious school

D. Lead to a life devoted primarily to prayer and contemplation

Which of the following was the primary cause of the Habsburg-Valois feud, which dominated European international politics in the sixteenth century?

D. The conflicting political ambitions of the two families

Cortes's ability to defeat the Aztec Empire did not depend upon which of the following? A. Support from 100,000 Indian Allies from people that had been conquered by the Aztecs B. The superiority of European technology such as guns/armor/horses C. The fact that Aztec religion caused the Spanish to be regarded as gods D. The fact that the Aztecs were engaged in a civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival E. The help of a Native American woman as a translator

D. The fact that the Aztecs were engaged in a civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival

Predestination, according to Calvin, which of the following? A. All believers had the gift of faith before birth B. Some believers had the gift of faith, but to ensure that one could please God by doing good works C. The pastors of each individual congregation could determine who would have the gift of faith D. The gift of faith was given by God only to some and all peoples' salvation/damnation is decided before birth

D. The gift of faith was given by God only to some and all peoples' salvation/damnation is decided before birth

In non-Calvinist areas, many early modern town and city ordinances were similar to the Geneva ordinances in their A. discouragement of popular festivals and other entertainments B. prohibition of alcohol consumption C. oversight of civil affairs by religious authorities D. regulation of public morals and behavior

D. regulation of public morals and behavior

The Dutch church represented in the painting above can be identified as Protesetant beacuse of A. its high vaulted ceiling B. the small number of people in attendance C. the absence of pews or chairs D. the plainness of the interior E. its window at diffrent levels

D. the plainness of the interior

For Calvin, humans cannot affect their own salvation because... A. they are inherently evil B. they are already saved C. they lack faith D. their fates are already determined

D. their fates are already determined

Which of the following was the major difference the northern humanists and the Italian humanists? A. Italian humanists focused on human intellect and achievements, whereas northern humanists concentrated on nature and emotion B. Italian humanists focused on national consciousness, whereas northern, whereas northern humanists rejected politics C. Italian humanists viewed human nature as corrupt and weak, whereas northern humanists viewed human nature as generally good D. Both concentrated on spiritual concerns, but northern humanists also focused on secular matters E. Both looked to classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian

E. Both looked to classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian

Which of the following was the major difference between the northern humanist and the Italian humanists?

E. Both looked to classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources

The map above, showing religious divisions in Europe around 1600, illustrates which of the following differences between Lutheranism and Calvinism? A. Lutheren areas were more densely populated and ubranized than were Calvinist areas B. Lutheren areas were geographically closer to papal influence than were Calvinist areas C. Calvinist areas were not likely to be influenced by minor sects than were Luthern areas D. Calvinist were more likely to share common language than were Lutherans E. Calvinist were more likely to be a minority within a state than were Lutherans

E. Calvinist were more likely to be a minority within a state than were Lutherans

The sculpture by Bernini shown celebrates A. a new interest in secular themes B Luthern veneration of the saints C. the Calvinist cult of beauty D. the reconciliation of the papacy and the English crown after the Concil of Trent E. Catholic Reformation mysticism

E. Catholic Reformation mysticism

The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg was to A. End the wars between the Hapsburgs and the Valois B. End the civil wars between the Lutherns and Roman Catholics in the German states C. End the Thirty Years War D. Create better trade relations among German princes E. Facilitate diplomatic relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turks

E. Facilitate diplomatic relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turks

Which of the following was a by-product of the European explorations of this period? A. All of Europe found itself at war with the Ottoman Empire B. Europe began to splinter and divided up over wars for lands in the New World C. Europe experienced a culture explosion in the arts inspired by the discoveries that were being made D. Europeans discovered important aspects of their own culture by comparison with the cultures of the New World/Asia E. Many Europeans died of disease brought back from the New World

E. Many Europeans died of disease brought back from the New World

Advocates of northern humanism believed which of the following? A. The fusion of Christian and Classical ideals provides the best definition of virtuous conduct B. The conventions of romantc love enhance social respect for women C. Education and scholarship should be equallt open to men and women D. The new poetic forms, such as the sonnet, could be used to articulate their beliefs E. Political rights should be extended to all men

E. Political rights should be extended to all men

Martin Luther's response to the German Peasants War of 1524-25 demonstrated his A. Ignorance of the economic plight of the peasntry B. Emphasis on the social aspects of Chrit's teaching C. Refusal to comment on social or political issues D. Belief in the necessity of a united German state E. Support of the prevailing social and political order

E. Support of the prevailing social and political order

Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-25 A. The revolt led to the emancipation of the German serfs B. The revolt was organized by Martin Luther to break papal power in the German states C. The peasants were supported by French armies during the revolt D. The revolt was the first in Europe in which economic egalitarianism was a major rallying point E. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands

E. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasnt demands

Which of the following quality characterizes the work of Botticelli? A. Realism that departed from the mythological subjects of Brunelleschi B. Black-and-white coloration C. Geometric symbolism D. Christian themes with a novel approach E. Uses of Greco-Roman mythology that had a dream-like appearance

E. Uses of Greco-Roman mythology that had a dream-like appearance

Which of the following statements concerning Italian urban society is not accurate? A. City governments provided protection for consumers and producers by creating a vast number of guilds B. Many artisans and workers in urban society were clients of a patron C. Nearly 50% of the urban population were poor D. Concertation of wealth in the hands of a few families characterized city life E. Worker-controlled governments

E. Worker-controlled governments

After 1450, rulers in Europe began to create unified national monarchies replacing the fedual governments in which the king shared power with the nobles Ture or False

True

At the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to recant his beliefs and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church and declared an enemy of the Holy Roman Empire Ture or False

True