AP Euro Unit 6 Study Guide
According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to
"Change the general way of thinking"
The religious revival movement known as pietism...
called for a warm, emotional religion that everyone could experience.
What was the republic of letters?
A cosmopolitan network involving Western Europe and its colonies as well as Eastern Europe and Russia
What was the result of the consumer revolution of the eighteenth century?
A new type of society in which people derived their self identity as much from their consuming practices as from their work lives.
In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Boyle demonstrated that...
All knowledge can be questioned and doubted
How did the enlightenment affect attitudes toward popular culture?
As the educated public adopted the enlightenments critical worldview, they increasingly saw popular culture as superstitious and vulgar.
Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies encouraged women to...
Aspire to a life of the mind
Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea to reform the penal system?
Cesare Beccaria
Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a...
Clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to intervene in human affairs.
Why did the persecution of witches slowly come to an end by the late eighteenth century?
Elites increasingly dismissed fears of witchcraft and refused to prosecute suspected witches.
The Discipline of natural philosophy focused on...
Fundamental questions on nature, purpose, and function of the universe
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, guild masters...
Guarded their guild privileges jealously
Some scholars have argued that the neglectful attitudes toward children in preindustrial Europe were conditioned mostly by...
High infant mortality rates
Population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century occurred...
In all regions
How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the scientific revolution to maturity?
It synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system
What was the catholic version of pietism?
Jansenism
One of the century's most influential works on child reading was Emile, or On Education by...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
In the eighteenth century, advocates for agricultural innovation argued that...
Landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently
According to recent scholarship, during the eighteenth century, the guild system...
Remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules
Why did surgeons in the eighteenth century face incredible difficulties?
Surgery was performed in utterly unsanitary conditions, which meant the simplest wound could become infected and lead to death.
What characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish Countryside in the enclosure era?
The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.
What was the core concept of the enlightenment?
The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.
What was a competitive advantage of the rural putting out system
The rural poor worked for low wages
What caused the patter of late marriage in early modern Europe?
The tendency of couples to wait to marry until they were economically independent
The most influential aspect of René Descartes's theories of nature was that...
The universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion.
Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed products by all social classes in the eighteenth century?
There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor
How did the European government respond to new science?
They established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research
What characterizes the condition of peasants in Western Europe in the eighteenth century?
They were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children
Why did the Protestant countries take the lead in expanding education to all children?
They were inspired by the Protestant idea that every believer should be able to read the Bible
In the eighteenth century, the diet of the poorer classes consisted largely of bread and...
Vegetables
