AP GOPO Final (Reading Quiz Questions)

Which of the following accurately characterizes the main difference between elite theories and pluralist theories of politics in the United States?

Elite theories argue that a single minority dominates politics in all policy areas; pluralist theories argue that many minorities compete for power in different policy areas.

Which of the following powers is exercised exclusively by the national government, thus limiting the role of state governments?

Entering into treaties with foreign nationals

Which core American political value best aligns with this excerpt from the Declaration of Independence? Passage: That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

Equality of Opportunity

Which Branch of Government did Madison think would be the weakest and "should be fortified"

Executive

True or False: America is free enterprise or Laissez-faire economy

False

A chief executive officer (CEO) of a corporation believes that the Republican candidate for president will enact policies that are more beneficial to her business. The CEO donated the maximum amount allowed by law directly to the candidate's campaign fund. To increase the candidate's chances for election, the CEO also directed her corporation to donate funds to an independent political action committee (PAC) to create ads criticizing the opposing candidate. According to the decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), which provision of the Constitution protects her actions?

Freedom of speech in the First Amendment

Campaign Finance reform first started in response to which of the following political scandals?

The watergate scandal

True or False: The individual mandate (the fine people were forced to pay if they didn't sign up for health insurance) was eliminated during the Trump presidency.

True

Which of the following contemporary political scenarios best reflects the concept of participatory democracy?

Individuals attend a local town hall meeting to address the traffic problem on the main street

"I reject the view that says our problems will simply take care of themselves, that says the government has no role in laying the foundation for our common prosperity, for history tells a different story." -President Obama before Congress (2009) Which of the following theories of the economy would Obama most agree with?

Keynesian economic theory

A federal program that provides health care for the poor.

Medicaid

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "News: Courts OK Corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "No... I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator" Which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon?

Members of Congress have become increasingly influenced by big business interests

The United States government has which type of economy?

Mixed economy (principles of capitalism and command economy)

Which is not a reason members of political parties vote more often than non-members?

Most minority groups do not identify with political parties

A plan of government proposed at the Constitutional Convention that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state

New Jersey Plan

In the following court case, the Supreme Court ruled that the government may not censor a story before it is published, unless publication would endanger national security.

New York Times Co.v United States

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of representative democracies? Row A- Pluralist Democracy: Conflict is unlikely; Elite Democracy: Conflict arises from an overabundance of choice Row B- Pluralist Democracy: Conflict may arise and compromise is required Elite Democracy: Elites are willing to bargain with the broader public when making policy decisions Row C- Pluralist Democracy: Interest groups actively compete in the political arena; Elite Democracy: Small number of powerful elites have the most influence Row D- Pluralist Democracy: Small group compromised of upper-class rule according to self-interest; Elite Democracy: Interest groups compete to promote policy preferences

Pluralist Democracy: Interest groups actively compete in the political arena; Elite Democracy: Small number of powerful elites have the most influence

Which of the following makes a correct comparison between political parties and interest groups in the United States?

Political parties recruit and run candidates in elections, Interest Groups seek to influence public policy

Examples of an event that is very UNLIKELY to lead to a party realignments

Popular Third Party Candidate winning state election

The ACA is

Prohibits excluding individuals with preexisting conditions in most cases.

Which of the following BEST describes a government action that is consistent with the political philosophy of individualism?

A city council creates an ordinance that imposes fines for damages done to private property

Which is not an example of a media "Gatekeeper"

A popular influencer posting his opinions about the results of a controversial trial

Which of the following accurately describes voter participation in an open primary?

A voter arrives at the polls on election day, and she is asked whether she wishes to vote in the Republican primary or the Democratic primary

Fed 51 Quiz: Read the passage

Answer D: Both the author of the passage and The Federalist 51 assert that the structure of government helps control ambitions among the branches in such a way as to promote effective government.

Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates?

Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services

A 2017 study in The American Economic Review found that watching Fox News during an election cycle increased a Democrat's chances of voting Republican by 28 percent. Conversely, by watching MSNBC Republicans were more inclined to vote Democrat by 8 percent. This scenario best illustrates which of the following about the media?

Cable news programming is oftentimes ideologically driven and effective in persuading citizens to adopt their point of view.

Which of the following correctly describes an impact of the Electoral College system on recent presidential elections?

Candidate focus time and money on a relativley small number of swing states

Campaigns have become increasingly centered around the candidates themselves, increasing their power and influence while limiting the power over campaigns from political parties. Which of the following has contributed most to the weakening of the power of political parties and party bosses/elites over campaigns?

Candidates for the general election are now chosen in primary elections

Which of the following best describes the role of the family in the process of political socialization?

Children generally share party identification from their parents

Which of the following BEST describes an example of an iron triangle?

The Dept. of Agriculture meets with lobbyists from the American Farm Bureau Federation to discuss a request for funding to be submitted to the House Committee on Agriculture.

Two interest groups are competing for influence in Congress. One group represents banking institutions, while the other advocates for consumer protections. A critic of the influence of interest groups would make which of the following claims?

The banking interest group likely has greater financial resources and access to policy makers than the consumer protection group.

Which of the following describes the potential impact on the electorate when daily media coverage of elections focuses primarily on the newest poll results?

The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.

An exit poll differs from other types of opinion polls because

an exit poll only surveys actual voters instead of likely voters

An incumbent senator is running for reelection and wants to understand current public opinion on issues in his state. Which option works best?

benchmark poll

When the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

bills of attainder

Which of the following is most likely to be supported by those who believe that supply-side economic policies are the best way to promote economic growth?

Congress eliminates regulations that tax businesses for failing to meet air quality standards

The president wants to increase the likelihood that the Supreme Court will uphold legislation that provides federal funding to religious schools. Appointing a justice with which of the following ideologies would be most likely to help achieve this goal?

Conservative

A form of American federalism in which states and the national government work together to shape public policy?

cooperative federalism

In Federalist #10, its author James Madison claims that the framers of the Constitution

created separate branches of government designed to best protect the rights of citizenry

If I got married in the state of New York, I would still be married in CA. This recognition of my marriage license would be a result of which of the following clauses?

full faith and credit clause

The National Education Association (NEA) is an organization of teachers, administrators, and other educators who work together to advance the interests and impact of public education. One of the NEA's goals is to support public education by ending government funding of voucher programs that promote school privatization. In order to place pressure on the government, the NEA encourages its members to pressure their representatives by contacting them directly through phone calls, email, and social media. This is an example of what type of mobilization?

grassroots lobbying

Was Federalist 51 written in support of the constitution? or in opposition to it?

in support

Which of the following clauses in the Constitution justifies the use of Congressional implied powers?

necessary and proper clause

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in government, resulting in healthy democratic compromise and balance, is called?

pluralism

The Declaration of Independence states "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." This was a revolutionary change from the system of British monarchy, which was based on the divine right of kings. For which of the ideals of democracy does this quote provide a foundation?

popular sovereignty

After a constitutional amendment has been proposed by both houses of Congress, its adoption requires

ratification by three fourths of the states

As the result of promise of prosperity and lower unemployment rates presented in the New Deal under FDR, Black Americans largely left the Republican Party and joined the Democratic Party. This was further solidified during the Civil Rights Movement and a majority of voting Black Americans have supported democrats since this switch. This is an example of which of the following terms?

realignment of voting coalitions

The Right to Life interest group is a group that strongly believes that abortion is the murder of an unborn baby and should be unconstitutional. The Right to Life interest group is an example of which of the following?

single-issue group

How did the Articles of Confederation affect the power of the federal government to influence economic policy?

state sovereignty (supreme authority to states)

Supply-side theory suggest that the best way to handle economic cycles is to

stimulate the economy by cutting taxes to encourage businesses to grow and taxpayers to spend more money

Which of the following republican safeguards (way to keep the republic from falling) is Federalist 51 about?

systems of checks and balances

All of the following negatively affect voter turnout rates EXCEPT:

the National Voter Registration Law of 1993 (Motor Voter Law)

Which difficulty with obtaining accurate public opinion poll results is specifically demonstrated in the graph?

the phrasing of poll questions can affect the results of the poll

Which of the following represents a concurrent power that is exercised by both the national and state governments?

the power to tax income

In 1936, Literary Digest did a poll of its subscribers, and those with telephones and automobiles, to determine who was most likely to win the upcoming presidential election. Poll results indicated that Alf Landon would win the presidency in a landslide while Franklin Roosevelt actually ended up easily winning re-election to the presidency. Based on this information, which of the following best describes a reason why the poll results proved to be so unreliable?

those surveyed were not representative of the voting population

Which of the following polling methods illustrates the information presented in the graph?

tracking poll

Article V of the Articles of Confederation created a __________ legislature. Each state was given only 1 vote on legislation.

unicameral

Those with high levels of political efficacy are more likely than others to

vote in elections

Brutus was an example of an Anti-Federalist because he

believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights

The distrust of democracy is shown in the way officials were selected to hold office. Under Article 1, Section 2 (Constitution) only members of the House of Representatives were directly elected, and their terms were a short two years. Until ratification of the _________________ amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures for six-year terms.

17th amendment

Beginning in the ________________, the mass media changed, appealing to narrow audiences (catering to groups of people and inserting more political bias).

1980s

Which of the following constitutional provisions is most likely to be violated by this law? Passage: A state legislature passes a voter id law that requires voters to present state-issued photo identification in order to receive a ballot at the polls. The required photo ID's cost $100 and must be renewed every 4 years. No one is exempt from the requirement.

24th Amendment

How many electoral votes are needed to win the presidency?

270

The belief in natural rights, as found in the Declaration of Independence, most directly impacted the development of which of the following?

American political culture

Based on the information in the image above, what was the outcome of the 1888 presidential election?

Benjamin Harrison won. He wont more electors but fewer popular voters than his opponent.

Who was the president for the longest period of a "realigned government"

Bush

In The Federalist 10, James Madison argued that the new constitution would help control faction by doing which of the following?

By creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate

Which of the following is a potential consequence of the trend illustrated in the bar chart?

Elected officials and candidates running for office are increasingly using social media to reach out to voters and constituents.

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the political attitude expressed in the cartoon?

Economic and political globalization have led to a greater competition between American and foreign workers

Which of the following positions on the government's role in the marketplace is most influenced by the idea expressed in the passage? Passage: The statesman, who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capital, would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it."n Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Government intervention in the free market should be avoided.

Which of the following is MOST DIRECTLY implied by the data from the poll?

Higher level of education is an agent in political socialization that tends to be associated with more liberal political values.

Which of the following trends impacts the significance of the voting data represented in the graph & its effects on elections?

In the last several elections, women have had a higher voter participation rate than men.

A member of Congress who advocates for a more Keynesian approach to solving a recession will likely support which of the following policies?

Increasing federal spending on infrastructure programs

Based on the data in the bar chart, what policy would postgraduates most likely support to improve poor people's lives?

Increasing public education funding in disadvantaged neighborhoods

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of national and state government powers? Row A: Exclusive to National Gov: create armies; Power of both State and National Gov: punish crimes Row B: Exclusive to National Gov: grant titles of nobility; Power of both State and National Gov: tax income Row C: Exclusive to National Gov: declare war; Power of both State and National Gov: regulate foreign commerce Row D: Exclusive to National Gov: borrow money; Power of both State and National Gov: establish an official religion

Row A: Exclusive to National Gov: create armies; Power of both State and National Gov: punish crimes

Which of the following correctly identifies the activities which are functions of political parties and those which are not? Read carefully! Row A: Function of political party: Establish a party platform; Not a function of political party: determine voter qualifications Row B: Function of political party: Encourage people to participate in political process; Not a function of political party: Recruit candidates to run for political office Row C: Function of political party: set the date for congressional and presidential elections ; Not a function of political party: provide fund for candidates' campaigns Row D: Function of political party: provide labels that help voters to understand ideologies of candidates ; Not a function of political party: raise funds for party activities

Row A: Function of political party: Establish a party platform; Not a function of political party: determine voter qualifications

Which of the following correctly identifies examples of rational-choice voting and party-line voting? Row A- Rational Choice Voting: Voting for the incumbent because of his commitment to maintain the status quo ; Party Line Voting: Casting a split-ticket ballot Row B- Rational Choice Voting: voting for the challenger because of her educational background; Party Line Voting: voting for the down ballot candidate that who the president endorses Row C- Rational Choice Voting: voting for the candidate who aligns with the voter's perceived economic interests; Party Line Voting: Casting a straight-ticket ballot Row D- Rational Choice Voting: voting for the candidate who shares party's affiliation; Party Line Voting: voting for the party to which the voter's parent adhered.

Row C- Rational Choice Voting: voting for the candidate who aligns with the voter's perceived economic interests; Party Line Voting: Casting a straight-ticket ballot

Select the response that matches a political practice with its impact: Row A: Practice: proportional representation; Impact: two-party system Row B: Practice: Closed primary; Impact: selection of moderate candidates Row C: Practice: Front loading; Impact: Early states more influential Row D: Practice: fundraising by candidates; Impact: strenghten nationals parties

Row C: Practice: Front loading; Impact: Early states more influential

Which of the following correctly matches each political ideology with its position on the extent to which the government should be involved in markets? Row A: Conservative: more active; Liberal: more active; Libertarian: more limited. Row B: Conservative: more limited; Liberal: more limited; Libertarian: more active. Row C: Conservative: active; Liberal: more limited; Libertarian: more active Row D: Conservative: more limited; Liberal: more active; Libertarian: more limited.

Row D: Conservative: more limited; Liberal: more active; Libertarian: more limited.

Select the response that matches the American core political value with the appropriate example: 39 Row A- Core political value: individualism; Example: social welfare policies Row B- Core political value: limited government; Example: restrictions on free speech Row C - Core political value: free enterprise; Example: minimum wage regulations Row D: Core political value: Rule of Law; Example: Impeachment process

Row D: Core political value: Rule of Law; Example: Impeachment process

Which of the following story HEADLINES is one MOST likely to find in a newspaper that practices horse-race journalism?

Senator Warren Leads Biden by Two Points in Latest Poll

"It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent on the others for their (payments) annexed to their office." What idea best goes with this quote

Separation of powers

Which of the following rebellions represented the turning point that finally convinced the states that the government needed more power to rectify this situation? Passage: That there are important defects in the system of the Federal Government is acknowledged by the Acts of all those States, which have concurred in the present Meeting; That the defects, upon a closer examination, may be found greater and more numerous, than even these acts imply, is at least so far probably, from the embarrassments which characterize the present state of our national affairs, foreign and domestic, as may reasonably be supposed to merit a deliberate and candid discussion, in some mode, which will unite the Sentiments and Councils of all the States. In the choice of the mode, your Commissioners are of opinion, that a Convention of Deputies from the different States, for the special and sole purpose of entering into this investigation and digesting a plan for supplying such defects as may be discovered to exist, will be entitled to a preference from considerations, which will occur without being particularized.

Shay's Rebellion

In 1980, a small group of parents personally affected by drunk driving formed the group Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Over the past four decades, they have grown in number and have lobbied on state and local levels promoting legislation such as stricter limits on blood alcohol levels for drivers. MADD is an example of which of the following?

Single-issue group with the goal of impacting policy making

Which of the following contentious relationships did the Connecticut Compromise (or Great Compromise) do the most to quell?

States with large populations versus states with small populations

There is an ongoing debate over the role of money in elections. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002 banned soft money (money given by donors to political parties) and restricted advertisements in the weeks before an election. Parts of this act were challenged and struck down in the Supreme Court case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010). Which of the following was a consequence of that ruling?

Super PACs may spend unlimited funds on advertisements that are not coordinated with the campaign because they are protected by the freedom of speech

In 2018, the Democratic Party decided to scale back the power of ________________, or members of the Democratic party who pledges votes to any candidate for during the primary season. This was in response to backlash from the Sanders campaign that "establishment" (moderate, established) candidates like Clinton unfairly benefited from the system.

Super delegates

A candidate running for Senate is meeting with some potential wealthy donors later today. These donors have millions of dollars that they are considering contributing to help the candidate with the open seat. Federal Election Commission restrictions prevent them from contributing directly other than a mere few thousand dollars. Following the decision of Citizens United, what strategy should the donors take to help the Senate Candidate's campaign with as much money as possible?

The wealthy donors can organize a Super PAC, contribute their money to the Super PAC, and organize the Super to create ads to support the candidate without working with the campaign directly.

In the fall of 2016, President Obama pushed for Congressional support of this trade agreement, which was promptly abandoned when President Trump took office.

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

"In many places, classrooms are overcrowded and curricula are outdated. Most of our qualified teachers are underpaid, and many of our paid teachers are unqualified. So we must give every child a place to sit and a teacher to learn from. Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must offer an escape from poverty. But more classrooms and more teachers are not enough. We must seek an educational system that grows in excellence as it grows in size. This means better training for our teachers. It means preparing youth to enjoy their hours of leisure as well as their hours of labor. It means exploring new techniques of teaching, to find new ways to stimulate the love of learning and the capacity for creation..... . . While our Government has many programs directed at those issues, I do not pretend that we have the full answer to those problems. But I do promise this: We are going to assemble the best thought and the broadest knowledge from all over the world to find those answers for America. I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of White House conferences and meetings... on the quality of education, and on other emerging challenges. And from these meetings and from this inspiration and from these studies we will begin to set our course toward the Great Society. The solution to these problems does not rest on a massive program in Washington, nor can it rely solely on the strained resources of local authority. They require us to create new concepts of cooperation, a creative federalism, between the National Capital and the leaders of local communities." -President Lyndon B. Johnson, May 22, 1964. A liberal response to the "strained resources" of local government most likely would include:

an increase in federal spending on public education and more programs aimed at helping lower-income communities

Which of the following tends to shift power from state governments to national governments?

categorical grants

A system where the subnational governments have most of the power

confederal system

The percentage of split-ticket voters has

decreased since the 1990s

In the 2014 midterm election, the Republican Party turned out greater numbers than Democrats (despite Obama being in office). They captured control of the Senate and maintained control of the House of Representatives. This is an example of: *

divided government

In which of the following types of federal systems is the separation of power between national and state governments most clearly established?

dual federalism

American political culture is characterized by strong popular support for all of the following EXCEPT

economic equality