AP GOV

Which of the following is the best example of a president using the bully pulpit?

A president making a televised speech to gain public support for a policy initiative

Which of the following is NOT a constitutional power of the president?

(A) enact legislation by issuing decrees

Which of the following are important powers of the Rules Committee? I. setting time limits on floor debate II. deciding whether or not amendments will be allowed from the floor III. deciding which bills may be allowed to go to the floor IV. deciding whether or not amendm

(B) I, II, and III only

In which year did the federal government experience its highest surplus based on the bar graph?

2000

On June 27, 1989, President George H.W. Bush called for the Flag Desecration Amendment, which would prohibit desecration of the American flag. Bush's comments were in response to the United States Supreme Court's 5—4 decision in Texas v. Johnson, which held that a state law banning desecration of the flag was in violation of the First Amendment. Which of the following explains why the president asked for a constitutional amendment to be passed?

A constitutional amendment would force the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of the anti-flag burning laws in subsequent cases.

Which of the following clauses of the Constitution could the Supreme Court have used when deciding the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) ?

"The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made."

According to the passage, an attempt by Congress to place limitations on presidential power through legislation led to which of the following?

A signing statement by the president that declared that the legislation would not limit presidential power

Under the 22nd Amendment, which of the following would be ineligible to run for president?

A sitting president running for a third full term

Note: "All Other Programs" consist of all mandatory programs other than Social Security and the major health care programs, as well as defense and nondefense discretionary programs. According to the line graph, which budget category will account for the least spending in 2024?

Net interest

Note: "All Other Programs" consist of all mandatory programs other than Social Security and the major health care programs, as well as defense and nondefense discretionary programs. Social Security will account for how about much of projected spending in 2024, according to the line graph?

Six percent

Which of the following statements about the use of executive agreements by presidents is supported by the data in the pie charts?

The percentage of international agreements that were executive agreements has increased since 1839.

. In the House of Representatives, it is the ______ Committee that writes tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole.

Ways and Means

18. What Do the maps illustrate?

a. Partisan gerrymandering

2. When the House and the Senate pass different versions of the same bill:

a. a conference committee is appointed to resolve differences

3. Most bills formally submitted for consideration in Congress:

a. are quietly killed off early in the process

17. Which of the following is potential cause of the trend with the presidents after Truman?

b. Recent presidents are communicating in various ways and thus need fewer press conferences.

13. Which of the following may the president do to limit the power of congress?

b. The present can veto a congressional bill that has passed the house and the senate.

4. Which of the following may the president do to limit the power of Congress?

b. The president can veto a congressional bill that has passed the House and Senate.

11. Which of the following is true regarding the War Powers Act?

c. A president can use the military abroad in combat as long as he informs congress within 48 hours

4. Which of the following is true about the impeachment process?

d. The House can impeach a president and the Senate can remove a president on conviction of bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Congress would be required to use the elastic clause of the Constitution in order to

impose workplace safety standards

Most important congressional activity is done:

in meetings of standing committees and their subcommittees

The president can influence legislation by all of the following EXCEPT:

introducing legislation

. All of the following accurately describe the organization of the House and Senate EXCEPT:

the Senate has a Rules Committee; the House does not

Traditionally, congressional committee chairpersons have been chosen through:

the seniority system

On January 30, 2017, President Donald Trump signed an executive order requiring that for each new regulation added, at least two existing regulations be eliminated. Which combination of government actors has the power to fulfill President Trump's executive order?

Bureaucratic departments and agencies

Which of the following is an action that Congress would most likely take to address the issues illustrated by the data in the table?

Congress can hold the bureaucracy accountable by calling on leaders from departments and agencies responsible for the improper payments to testify before committees.

In the case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional. Following the ruling, schools were ordered to desegregate, but at a high school in Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor ordered the state's National Guard to prevent African American students from entering the school. Only when President Eisenhower placed the National Guard under federal control and ordered troops to protect the students were they permitted to enter. This scenario illustrates which of the following?

Controversial decisions by the court are often challenged and action is sometimes required to ensure enforcement by other branches of government.

Which of the following cases was most likely to derive the basis of its decision from the argument presented in The Federalist No. 78 that states: "that, accordingly, whenever a particular statute [contradicts] the Constitution, it will be the duty of the judicial tribunals to adhere to the latter and disregard the former"?

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

On July 31, 2018, the United States Department of Education announced in the Federal Register its intention to establish a committee focusing on the implementation of federal programs. Which is the likely product of this committee's work?

Rule-making

On September 23, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a proclamation mandating the use of Arkansas National Guard members and federal armed forces to enforce the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) in Little Rock, Arkansas. Which limitation on judicial power is demonstrated in this scenario?

State and local government can refuse to enforce Supreme Court decisions.

Which of the following is the most effective action that a president can pursue to address the issue of improper payments, as shown in the table?

The president can require the relevant cabinet secretaries to devise a plan to address the issue of improper payments.

Which of the following accurately describes the president's line-item veto power?

The president's line-item veto power was declared unconstitutional in 1997

Which of the following best explains the concept of the iron triangle, as illustrated in the diagram?

To show how interest groups, Congress, and the bureaucracy interact in a public policy area

10. Who would be responsible for having Senator Ennis "fall in line" and vote with the rest of his party on gun-control legislation?

b. Senate Whip

16. Which of the following is true of congressional redistricting?

c. It occurs every ten years to reflect changes in population as measured by the census

8. The use of the filibuster:

c. can be ended by a cloture petition and vote

i spoke with president moon of south korea

chief diplomat

The most important step in shaping a bill in the process of becoming a law is

consideration in standing committees and subcommittees

The War Powers Resolution:

mandated the withdrawal of forces after 60-90 days

"One man, one vote," Baker v. Carr, and Wesberry v. Sanders are all associated with the concept of:

redistricting

19. Select the pair of answer that best represents Shaw v Reno and Baker v Carr.

shawn and reno-Racial gerrymandering baker v carr-One person = one vote

According to public opinion polls, presidents seem to be most popular:

when they first enter office

Which of the following is a likely response by another branch of government to a controversial decision such as Engel v. Vitale (1962) which declared that school-sponsored prayer was a violation of the First Amendment?

Congress could strip the Supreme Court of appellate jurisdiction on cases dealing with prayer in school.

NOTE: By law, the federal government must award 23 percent of all U.S. government contracts to small businesses. Which of the following best explains why Congress has used its power to help certain types of businesses obtain federal contracts, as shown in the table?

Congress is ensuring that the bureaucracy is accountable to groups other than large corporations.

. According to the Constitution, revenue bills must originate in the:

House

The House and the Senate have some different constitutional responsibilities. Which of the following pairs correctly matches House and Senate constitutional responsibilities?

House of Representatives Initiates revenue bills. Senate: Ratifies treaties.

Which of the following is an accurate pair of descriptions of the two chambers of Congress?

House of Representatives Serves 2-year terms Senate: Serves 6-year terms

Which of the following is the correct pairing of procedures or rules of each house of the legislative branch?

House of Representatives: Has a Rules Committee that decides how long debate will be on most bills. Senate: Has use of the filibuster and cloture, which can help the minority to defeat a bill.

. Racial gerrymandering: I. involves rearranging district lines to allow a minority representative to be elected II. is controversial III. was proven unconstitutional by the "one person, one vote" Supreme Court decision

I and II only

Which of the following are true statements regarding the qualifications for the presidency? I. No president has been under 40 when elected to the office. II. No one born in another country has ever been president. III. No one has ever served as president who has lived in the United States for at least fourteen years.

I and II only

Which of the following is true of congressional redistricting?

It occurs every ten years to reflect changes in population as measured by the census

during a television interview on July 1, 2018, Senator Lindsey Graham stated that "one of the concepts that really means a lot in America is stare decisis. That means you don't overturn precedent unless there's a good reason." About which ongoing debate was Senator Graham sharing his position?

Judicial activism versus judicial restraint

In a press briefing, the White House press secretary issues a statement criticizing members of Congress who refuse to act on the president's judicial nominees to the federal courts. This scenario best illustrates which of the following?

Members of the White House staff are strategically used to help the president pass an agenda.

Which of the following is the best example of a president using technology to communicate and obtain public support for a public policy agenda?

President John F. Kennedy outlining Cold War challenges and urging Americans to civic action in his inaugural address

Which type of committee in Congress would conduct investigations?

Select

In the case Randall v. Sorrell (2006), Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer argued that following judicial precedent "avoids the instability and unfairness that accompany disruption of settled legal expectations. For this reason, the rule of law demands that adhering to our prior case law be the norm. Departure from precedent is exceptional and requires special justification." Justice Breyer is referring to which of the following legal principles?

Stare decisis

Which of the following statements about the relationship between Congress and the executive branch is best illustrated by the bar chart?

The budget process enables Congress to check the power of the executive branch.

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was a law passed by Congress prohibiting discrimination based on sex. Which of the following describes how the policy is being implemented?

The bureaucracy will create rules for enforcement and will have the discretion to implement those rules.

Which of the following is likely to occur as a result when Congress refuses to act as a check on the power of the president, according to the main idea of the passage?

The president will be able to push the limits of constitutional authority.

In its 2003 decision, McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's (BCRA) restriction on independent campaign spending by corporations and unions. However, in a 5-4 decision in the case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court overturned this decision when it ruled that the government cannot ban independent political spending by a corporation or union because it is protected by the First Amendment. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the Supreme Court's deciding to overturn the precedent it established just 7 years earlier?

There were ideological changes in the composition of the members of the Supreme Court due to presidential appointments.

President Theodore Roosevelt took his case directly to the American people to gain public support for his progressive reform initiatives by appearing in a movie newsreel. This type of presidential communication is an example of which of the following?

Using the bully pulpit

When the House and the Senate pass different versions of the same bill

a conference committee is appointed to resolve differences

In the House, a pigeonholed bill can be forced to tile floor for consideration through use of:

a discharge petition

2. In Federalist #70, Alexander Hamilton states that "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government." In this statement, Hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for:

a single executive who can respond quickly to crises

15. Which amendment to the Constitution has made some argument in the passage above moot?

a. 22nd

7. Under the 22nd Amendment, which of the following would be ineligible to run for president?

a. A sitting president running for a third full term

5. Which form of legislature did the Constitutional Convention create?

a. Bicameral

20. The part of the executive branch of government that the president sees daily and relies heavily on for information, policy options, and analysis is the:

a. Executive Office of the President

The house of representatives....... Can make no law which wil not have tis full operation on themselves and their friends, as well as the great mass of society. This has always been deemed one of the strongest bonds by which human policy can connect the rulers and the people together....... But with out which every government degenerates into tyranny. -James Madison, Federalist No. 57 20. Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint in the quote?

a. The house of representatives was created to directly represent the viewpoint in the quote

20. On November 20, 2014, President Obama issued a statement removing the threat of deportation for approximately five million undocumented parents and permanent residents who lived in the country for at least 5 years. Which of the following powers did President Obama use in the scenario?

a. The informal power to issue an executive order

11. The single most important advantage to someone trying to get elected to Congress is:

a. being an incumbent

4. Which of the following is NOT a constitutional power of the president?

a. enact legislation by issuing decrees

1. Most important congressional activity is done:

a. in meetings of standing committees and their subcommittees

10. "One man, one vote," Baker v. Carr, and Wesberry v. Sanders are all associated with the concept of:

a. redistricting

Most bills formally submitted for consideration in Congress:

are quietly killed off early in the process

"I hereby return without my approval House Joint Resolution 542--the War Powers Resolution. While I am in accord with the desire of the Congress to assert its proper role in the conduct of our foreign affairs, the restrictions which this resolution would impose upon the authority of the President are both unconstitutional and dangerous to the best interests of our Nation. The proper roles of the Congress and the Executive in the conduct of foreign affairs have been debated since the founding of our country. Only recently, however, has there been a serious challenge to the wisdom of the Founding Fathers in choosing not to draw a precise and detailed line of demarcation between the foreign policy powers of the two branches." October 24, 1973 13. Which constitutional principle is reflected in the excerpt?

b. Checks and balances

"I hereby return without my approval House Joint Resolution 542--the War Powers Resolution. While I am in accord with the desire of the Congress to assert its proper role in the conduct of our foreign affairs, the restrictions which this resolution would impose upon the authority of the President are both unconstitutional and dangerous to the best interests of our Nation. The proper roles of the Congress and the Executive in the conduct of foreign affairs have been debated since the founding of our country. Only recently, however, has there been a serious challenge to the wisdom of the Founding Fathers in choosing not to draw a precise and detailed line of demarcation between the foreign policy powers of the two branches." October 24, 1973 8. Which constitutional principle is reflected in the excerpt?

b. Checks and balances

So proud of our great Military which will soon be, after the spending of billions of fully approved dollars, the finest that our Country has ever had. There won't be anything, or anyone, even close!

b. Commander in Chief

6. Which of the following correctly identifies an implication of what we talked about in regards to presidential action and his term.

b. Congress is more likely to act on a president's policy proposal at the beginning of a first term than at the end of a second term.

14. Racial gerrymandering: I. involves rearranging district lines to allow a minority representative to be elected II. is controversial III. was proven unconstitutional by the "one person, one vote" Supreme Court decision

b. I and II only

9. Which of the following criticisms of the War Powers Resolution is most consistent with the author's argument?

b. It violates the principle of separation of powers

5. Which of the following statements reflects a common theme in presidential approval?

b. Most presidents exit office with lower approval ratings than when they entered office.

The president will be elected to four years and is re-eligible as often as the people of the US think him worthy of their confidence...we must conclude that the permanency of the President's four-year term is less dangerous than a three year term for the top official in a single state. The president of the United States can be impeached, tried, and, on conviction of bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors, removed from office. Afterwards he would be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law. Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 69 14. Which if the following statements best summarizes the author's argument?

b. People are protected from a dangerous president by elections every four years and a process the legislature can undertake.

16. Which of the following statement is supported by the date in the chart?

b. The average number of press conferences per year varies from administration to administration

15. The practice of one member of Congress supporting another member's pet project in return for support for his or her own project is known as:

b. logrolling

7. The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. Who is the true leader of the Senate?

b. president pro tempore

12. Which of the following does the Speaker NOT play a role in?

b. recommending which members should be expelled from the House for failure to support the party's positions on bills

On February 13, 2016, following the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell issued a statement that the Supreme Court vacancy should be left to the next president of the United States, who would be elected that November. Nonetheless, President Obama nominated circuit judge Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy. The Senate judiciary committee never hel

because federal judges are lifetime appointments, Senate confirmation can oftentimes be challenging

10. Which is an accurate characterization of the notable periods in a presidency?

c. A president can usually accomplish more during the honeymoon period than during the lame duck period

1. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of Congress supporting pork-barrel legislation?

c. A senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute in his or her state

The Democrats, who know Steel Slats (Wall) are necessary for Border Security, are putting politics over Country. What they are just beginning to realize is that I will not sign any of their legislation, including infrastructure, unless it has perfect Border Security. U.S.A. WINS! 7:28 AM · Dec 20, 2018·Twitter for iPhone

c. Chief Legislator

18. A senator realizes a Senate vote on an immigration bill is coming up. The senator examines public opinion polls on the issue and carefully reads her inbox for constituents' views on the bill and the issue. This senator is following which model of representation?

c. Delegate

6. Which of the following is a difference between the House and the Senate?

c. House members serve for two-year terms and Senators for six-year terms.

8. In what way did the 17th Amendment broaden democracy?

c. It gave citizens greater control of who represents them in the Senate, calling for direct election of Senators.

14. Which of the following criticisms of the War Powers Resolution is most consistent with the author's argument?

c. It violates the principle of separation of powers

2. Who would be responsible for having Senator Ennis "fall in line" and vote with the rest of his party on gun-control legislation?

c. Senate Whip

7. Which of the following best describes the President's purpose in the passage above?

c. To set an agenda by speaking with a large audience of both constituents and Congress

13. An example of casework by a member of Congress is:

c. helping a constituent gain health care benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs

the use of the filibuster:

can be ended by a cloture petition and vote

A presidential veto of legislation passed by Congress:

can be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both the House and the Senate

All of the following are reasons incumbents in the House of Representatives enjoy an electoral advantage over challengers except that incumbents:

can't use staff members to do constituent casework

12. Which of the following methods is the formal method for ending a filibuster mentioned by McConnell in his speech? How many votes are needed for it to pass?

cloture; 60

which of the following statements summarizes the argument made in federalist 81

congress mat check the supreme court through impeachment

12. It is in the middle of a congressional session and the Republican president receives a bill that has passed a democrat-majority House and a democrat-majority senate. This omnibus bill deregulates much of the food industry and agribusiness, something the president has long desired. Yet the bill also includes congressional appropriations to help fund modern art museums in San Francisco and New York City that the president thinks is unnecessary. Which action will the president most likely take?

d. Sign the bill and explain in a signing statement that he will enforce the deregulations but won't allow the funds for the art museum.

9. In the context of the scenario Senator Ennis is indicating he plans to vote in accordance to the wishes of the majority of his constituents on other bills. Which model of representation do his actions embody?

d. The delegate model

18. According to public opinion polls, presidents seem to be most popular:

d. when they first enter office

a supreme court justice who writes the following words " generations from now, lawyers, and judges will look back at todays ruling with utter contempt" is probably writing..

dissenting opinion

Which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?

formal power-Acting as commander-in-chief of the military informal power-Signing an executive order to designate combat roles during a conflict with Yemen

The president's cabinet:

has increased over the years with newly established executive departments approved by Congress

An example of casework by a member of Congress is:

helping a constituent gain health care benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs

3. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the House of Representatives and the Senate?

house of representatives- Members are elected by the constituents in a local district based on population senate- Members are elected by constituents of an entire state

17. Select the pair of best answers that best explains why the incumbency advantage is higher in the House of Representatives than it is in the Senate.

house of reps-Smaller districts, people more loyal senate-Represent the entire state

which of the following examples best reflects the statement hamilton made in the final sentence of the quote

in 1957 president dwight eisenhower sent the national guard to littel rock arkansas to integrate the school as ordered in brown vs board of education 1954

One key interaction that Congress has with the bureaucracy as part of the iron triangle is to

increase the budget and authority of the bureaucracy to regulate industry

why is marbury vs madison important

it establishes the power of judicial review, affirming that the supreme court is coequal with other branches

According to the 25th Amendment, when the office of vice president is vacated:

it is filled by the president's appointment, with both houses of Congress approving the nomination

the constitution is "not a living document told the southern methodist university crow in 2014. "its dead, dead, dead... the judge who always likes the results he reaches is a bad judge" the quote supports which philosophy

judicial restraint

When members of Congress hold a hearing to question a cabinet member on how a law is being carried out, they are engaging in:

legislative oversight

The practice of one member of Congress supporting another member's pet project in return for support for his or her own project is known as:

logrolling

19. Which of the following accurately represents mandatory spending and discretionary spending?

mandatory-Spending is locked in, doesn't change from year to year discretionary-Spending can fluctuate year to year depending on what the president wants

A bill debated under "closed rules":

may be considered with strict time limits and no amendments allowed from the floor

Compared to members of the House, senators are generally:

more likely to face difficult reelection opponents

which of the following is an example of the judicial review by the supreme court

overturning a presidents executive order about immigration because the order violates the constitution

The power of the Rules Committee in the House of Representatives rests on its authority to:

place a bill on the legislative calendar, limit time for debate, and determine the type of amendments allowed

which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint in the cartoon

political parties attempt to nominate justices who share their political ideologies

Federal funding for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is an example of:

pork barrel

All of these are major sources of conflict between Congress and the president EXCEPT:

reapportionment

Which of the following does the Speaker NOT play a role in?

recommending which members should be expelled from the House for failure to support the party's positions on bills

The president's power is:

shared with other branches of government as part of the Madisonian system of checks and balances

Party loyalty at the voting booth is:

still a good predictor of voting behavior

Which of the following government officials are appointed by the president, but do NOT need to be confirmed by the Senate?

the White House Staff

which of the following best describes hamiltons point of view

the judiciarys power depends on an ability to convince the other brancehs of the strength of reasoning

which of the following best describes an inference that can be drawn from the table

the justices have decided overtime that they should devote more of thir limited resources to resolving a smaller number increasingly hard cases

Prior to his confirmation, Democrats on the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions questioned President Trump's Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Price about the ethics of some of his investments. He was eventually confirmed with support of Republicans in the Senate. This check on presidential power illustrates that

the process of confirming members of the president's Cabinet can lead to conflict with members of the Senate

what is the most logical inference from the table, using data from the five years shown

the supreme court has been accepting fewer cases for review

In 1973, the United States Supreme Court handed down the controversial Roe v. Wade decision striking down state laws banning abortion. In response, many pro-life groups have organized to have the decision overturned. Which of the following represents an action that these groups are most likely to take to achieve their goal?

Become more actively involved in presidential campaigns so that presidential candidates will pledge to appoint justices who favor overturning Roe v. Wade.

Which role of the President is associated with the "take care clause" in Article II of the Constitution?

Chief Executive

Which of the following best describes the holding in Baker v. Carr (1962) ?

Congressional redistricting is subject to judicial review.

Which of the following statements is supported by the data in the information graphic?

Democratic presidents issued more executive orders than Republican presidents did between 1945 and 2016.

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the data illustrated in the bar chart?

Despite the increased power of the president, the budget authority is still a major feature of congressional power.

Which of the following explains the role of interest groups in the iron triangle diagram?

Interest groups contact the bureaucracy on behalf of voters who need problems solved.

All of the following are standing committees in Congress in EXCEPT:

Joint Committee

The president's clearinghouse for agency ideas is the:

Office of Management and Budget

According to the passage, which of the following occurred as a direct result of the congressional resolution authorizing action against al-Qaeda?

President Bush interpreted it broadly to allow him to conduct the war on terrorism without much further consultation with Congress.

Which of the following was the ruling in Shaw v. Reno (1993) ?

Racial gerrymandering violates the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following correctly describes the facts in Shaw v. Reno (1993) ?

Redistricting in order to confine minority voters to a majority in one district was challenged under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following is a trend based on the data?

The more chambers of Congress the president's party controls, the less likely the president is to veto a bill.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the data in the bar chart?

The president is not supportive of the EPA, but members of Congress have checked the president's power by not approving a cut in funding for the agency.

. The part of the executive branch of government that the president sees daily and relies heavily on for information, policy options, and analysis is the:

White House staff

19. Executive orders are issued by:

a. the president

6. Executive orders are issued by:

a. the president

To actually fund a program, Congress must pass an _____bill.

appropriations

5. A presidential veto of legislation passed by Congress:

b. can be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both the House and the Senate

9. The only two presidents to be impeached are: ________________.

d. Andrew Johnson and William Clinton

3. Which of the following is true about the impeachment process?

d. The House can impeach a president and the Senate can remove a president on conviction of bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

11. Which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?

formal power-Acting as commander-in-chief of the military informal power-Signing an executive order to designate combat roles during a conflict with Yemen

Once the House votes for impeachment, the president:

is tried by the Senate

The "revolving door" involves:

officials in the executive branch who alternate between jobs in the public sector and private sector

In mid-term elections, the:

president's party typically loses seats

Senators have dominated the selection of judges for the federal district courts through:

the custom of senatorial courtesy

Executive orders are issued by:

the president

When deciding Marbury v. Madison (1803), which of the following excerpts from The Federalist No. 51 could best be used to help Chief Justice John Marshall write the argument in favor of judicial review?

"But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others."

The single most important advantage to someone trying to get elected to Congress is:

(A) being an incumbent

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the principle of stare decisis?

A majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court dealing with school segregation states that the decision follows the precedent established in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954).