AP Gov Test 3

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?

A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?

A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.

Which of the following statements best describes how United States citizens regard the rights of free speech and assembly?

A majority agrees in principle with these rights, but in practice many people are often intolerant of views they do not support.

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?

Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

B Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion Protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices

Greg burned his own small American Flag in Harrisburg on the Capitol Building Steps.

Burning the American Flag in protest is symbolic speech protected under the First Amendment.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?

C The right to burn a flag Obscenity

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal government only

Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the

First Amendment

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

Fourteenth Amendment

A classified Department of Defense study on the effectiveness of the United States involvement in the Afghanistan War is obtained by a newspaper. The president seeks to block the publication of the document. The court rules in favor of the newspaper, citing as precedent the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971). Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does the court most likely use?

Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.

Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause?

It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion.

Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court?

It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words.

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights?

Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control.

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action?

The Second Amendment

Which of the following explains the constitutional reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?

The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following accurately represents the Supreme Court's ruling on the words "under God" in the pledge of allegiance to the flag.

The court never ruled on the merits of the case because the respondent did not have standing in the lawsuit.

The Supreme Court has ruled which of the following concerning the death penalty?

The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment.limit free speech

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court held that the Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses?

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The Washington Post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules?

The heavy presumption against prior restraint

Which of the following is one of the central concerns of the First Amendment?

The right of citizens to petition the government for redress of grievances

All of the following statements reflect positions the Supreme Court has taken with regard to the right of free speech EXCEPT:

There are no acceptable governmental restrictions on free speech.

At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as

incorporation

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

limit free speech

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment

In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that

the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted

when it incites violent action

Which of the following decisions is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision?

A decision in favor of students holding signs that protest a new policy

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

An investigative reporter uncovers illegal and unethical behavior on the part of a state government official. When the local newspaper announces that it will publish the story, the state government issues an injunction to stop the story from being released before being reviewed by government lawyers. Which of the following best represents how the court will most likely respond to the case?

The newspapers will be permitted to publish the story without a review by the government's lawyers.Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the right to privacy?

The right to privacy is not explicitly named in the Constitution.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment?

An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president.

Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant to the right to privacy?

Due process clause

The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?

Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

The Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws?

The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

A public school district implemented a policy that instructed students to recite a common, district approved meditation at the beginning of the school day. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

On Cinco De Mayo, students wear American Flag shirts to school to protest celebrating a Mexican holiday in America. Other students threaten the students with the flag shirts with violence. The School Principal tells the students to turn their shirts inside out or go home for their safety. The students claim their rights have been violated.

The students are wrong because Principals are given broad discretion to keep schools safe and conducive to learning.

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Supreme Court established the incorporation doctrine when the Court

interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as extending most of the requirements of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

Which of the following accurately depicts the Supreme Courts view on the Second Amendment given the most recent case law?

Both A&B Individuals living in a federal district have the right to own a firearm. Individuals living in states have the right to own a firearm.

John wears an armband to school to protest military involvement overseas. The Principal asks him to remove it, even though it does not cause a disruption, and he refuses. The Principal suspends him and John claims his rights were violates.

John is right, students do not lose their rights at the schoolhouse gate as long as it does not disrupt the educational process.

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision?

Selective incorporation

The free-exercise clause protects

voluntary prayer by student groups before school