Ap gov unit 2 part 1 multiple choice
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause? Establishment Clause-Free Exercise Clause AUsed by founders to establish Christianity as the national religion-Reflects a basic belief in the protection of religious freedom. BProhibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion-Protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices. C Provides a wall of separation of between chur
B
The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could A ban obscene materials B suspend habeas corpus protections C mobilize the National Guard D limit free speech E commit troops to situations of potential foreign combat
D limit free speech
In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation? A When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state B When there is a conflict among the branches of the national government C When a federal policy shifting oversight authority from a national agency to a state agency is challenged D When a former employee files a wrongful termination claim against a company headquarter
a
Saul Cornell, A Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America, Oxford University Press, 2006 Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim? A At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias. B The Constitution clearly states that the Second Amendment applies only to the federal government's ability to make gun laws. C The United States today uses militi
a
The Supreme Court established the incorporation doctrine when the Court A interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as extending most of the requirements of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government B interpreted the Ninth Amendment as requiring national health and worker-safety standards to protect the individual's implied right of personal safety C stripped the armed forces of their discretionary powers regarding military service for gay men, lesbians, and married people
a
The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon? A New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) B Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) C Schenck v. United States (1919) D Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
a
Which of the following best explains how poll respondents regard the relationship between the right to own guns and personal freedom? A The poll shows there is an ongoing debate over whether gun control laws promote or interfere with individual rights. B The poll shows that gun owners and non-gun owners have widely different views over a range of civil liberties issues. C The poll shows that party polarization has a sizable impact on elections and policy making at each level of government.
a
The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision? A Full faith and credit B Selective incorporation C Equal protection D Eminent domain
b
The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law? A The necessary and proper clause B The Fourteenth Amendment C The Judiciary Act of 1789 D The Civil Rights Act of 1964 E The Voting Rights Act of 1965
b
In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling? A It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment. B It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause vio
b-It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.
According to the data, both gun owners and non-gun owners A answered similarly regarding the importance of the right to own guns B believed that the right to vote was less essential than freedom of religion C chose freedom of speech as most essential to their own liberty D demonstrated deep division between one another in most categories
c
An investigative reporter uncovers illegal and unethical behavior on the part of a state government official. When the local newspaper announces that it will publish the story, the state government issues an injunction to stop the story from being released before being reviewed by government lawyers. Which of the following best represents how the court will most likely respond to the case?
c-The newspapers will be permitted to publish the story without a review by the government's lawyers.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article? A Engel v. Vitale (1962) B Baker v. Carr (1962) C McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) D McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
d
Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's A Preamble B necessary and proper clause C supremacy clause D Tenth Amendment E Fourteenth Amendment
e
On Cinco De Mayo, students wear American Flag shirts to school to protest celebrating a Mexican holiday in America. Other students threaten the students with the flag shirts with violence. The School Principal tells the students to turn their shirts inside out or go home for their safety. The students claim their rights have been violated.
The students are wrong because Principals are given broad discretion to keep schools safe and conducive to learning.
Which of the following accurately represents the Supreme Court's ruling on the words "under God" in the pledge of allegiance to the flag. A Next year, the words will change to "one nation under Canada and above Mexico" B The words "under God" received approval from the Supreme Court because they are traditional. C Just as they were added in 1954, they will be removed by 1/1/2022. D The court never ruled on the merits of the case because the respondent did not have standing in the l
d
Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs? A United States v. Lopez (1995) B Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Related Content & Skills Topic3.2 Skill2.A
d
Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens? A Engel v. Vitale (1962) B Marbury v. Madison (1803) C Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) D Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Related Content & Skills Topic3.2 Skill2.A
d
Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?
C. Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.
According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted A when it incites violent action B when it lacks a political purpose C whenever the United States is at war D if it is deemed offensive to religious organizations E if the writer or speaker is not a citizen of the United States
a
Which of the following decisions is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision? A A decision in favor of students holding signs that protest a new policy B A decision against a public school's practice of having prayer at school assemblies C A decision supporting the creation of gun-free zones in public schools D A decision enforcing mandatory vaccinations for all childr
a
Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon? A Supreme Court Refuses to Stop the Presses for National Security B Supreme Court Rules High School Students May Silently Protest Vietnam War C Supreme Court Hears Flag Burning Case D War Protestor Presented "Clear and Present Danger" Says Court
a
Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court? A It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words. B It protects the use of language deemed obscene by the courts. C It allows citizens to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust. D It is protected from infringement by the federal government but not from infringement by state governments.
a
Which of the following statements best describes how United States citizens regard the rights of free speech and assembly? A A majority agrees in principle with these rights, but in practice many people are often intolerant of views they do not support. B A majority actively supports these rights without any reservations. C A majority opposes these rights in principle. D The average citizen is more supportive of these rights than are members of the elite. E Conservatives have traditionally been
a
Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment? A A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change. B A group with offensive signs is denied a permit to march through the streets because local residents and businesses oppose the group's message. C A person is arrested after making a threat to police officers
a
With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that A state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment B state-sponsored prayer is permitted by the free exercise clause of the First Amendment C since educational policy is controlled largely by state governments, the First Amendment does not affect school policy on prayer D the free exercise clause permits teachers to mandate silent prayer E in school districts in which local aut
a
All of the following statements reflect positions the Supreme Court has taken with regard to the right of free speech EXCEPT: A A restriction on the right of free speech should always be viewed with skepticism. B There are no acceptable governmental restrictions on free speech. C Government has an obligation to try to ensure citizens the right to be heard. D The right to free speech is a fundamental natural right. E The First Amendments protects free speech from incursions of both the federal an
b
In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court held that the Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses? A The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment B The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment C The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment D The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
b
In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action? A The First Amendment B The Second Amendment C The Third Amendment D The Fourth Amendment
b
In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of A Strict scrutiny B Selective incorporation C Stare decisis D Literalism
b
Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the A provisions of Article I, Section 8 B First Amendment C Ninth Amendment D Tenth Amendment E Fourteenth Amendment
b
John wears an armband to school to protest military involvement overseas. The Principal asks him to remove it, even though it does not cause a disruption, and he refuses. The Principal suspends him and John claims his rights were violates. A John is right, students rights outside school are the same as inside school. B John is right, students do not lose their rights at the schoolhouse gate as long as it does not disrupt the educational process. C John is wrong, students do not have a right to f
b
The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment A did not extend privacy rights B was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms C should not be applied to states that do not have a militia D protects an individual's right to own a gun for personal protection
b
The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as A judicial review B incorporation C broad construction D federalism E stare decisis
b
To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply? A State governments only B Federal government only C State and federal governments only D Local and federal governments only E Local, state, and federal governments
b
Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty? A United States v. Lopez (1995) B McDonald v. Chicago (2010) C Baker v. Carr (1962) D McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
b
Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws? A The First Amendment right to petition the government for a redress of grievances B The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure C The Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination D The Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment
b
Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint? A The steps of the building B The fallen pillars C The word "democracy" written on the building D The standing pillars
b
Which of the following best defines civil liberties? A The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights B Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government C Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts D Those features of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution that pertain to the actions of individuals an
b
Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause? A It gives Congress the power to protect civil rights and civil liberties. B It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion. C It empowers Congress to create a national bank. D It prevents Congress from prohibiting the possession of guns on school grounds. E It grants Congress the power to establish post roads and post offices.
b
Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map? A Second Amendment B Eighth Amendment C Sixteenth Amendment D Twenty-Sixth Amendment
b
Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights? A The people should control all aspects of governance. B Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control. C The legislature should be the most powerful branch of government. D All people should be guaranteed the same rights, whether they are citizens or not. E It is groups rather than individuals that have fundamental rights and immunities.
b
Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that César Chávez is encouraging the farmworkers to take? A The right to fair trial B The right to assemble C The right to bear arms D The right to an attorney
b
Which of the following statements best describes the information in the map? A Most states in the Northeast and West do not allow capital punishment. B Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment. C Capital punishment is not allowed in Oklahoma (OK) and New Mexico (NM). D Only three states do not allow capital punishment.
b
Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment? A A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject's reputation. B A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war. C An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media. D An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action.
b
A classified Department of Defense study on the effectiveness of the United States involvement in the Afghanistan War is obtained by a newspaper. The president seeks to block the publication of the document. The court rules in favor of the newspaper, citing as precedent the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971). Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does the court most likely use?
b- Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.
At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario? A Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) B Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) C Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D Citizens United v. Federal
c
The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to A expand presidential power B restrict the application of judicial review C make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states D prevent states from taxing agencies of the federal government E limit the use of the legislative veto
c
The Washington Post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules? A The application of strict scrutiny B The exclusionary rule for evidence C The heavy presumption against prior restraint D Time, place,
c
The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following? A Guarantees freedom of speech to all citizens. B Prevents prior restraint of the press. C Prohibits the setting up of a state church. D Defines the concept of dual citizenship. E Allows citizens to enter freely into contracts with other citizens.
c
The free-exercise clause protects A the president from forcibly revealing private conversations with staff B individuals who, for religious reasons, refuse to pay Social Security taxes C voluntary prayer by student groups before school D a person's right to burn the American flag
c
Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs? A Engel v. Vitale (1962) B Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) C Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) D New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
c
Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant to the right to privacy? A Commerce clause B Free exercise clause C Due process clause D Equal protection clause Related Content & Skills Topic3.9 Skill1.A
c
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment? Protected by the First Amendment-Not Protected by the First Amendment ALibel/slander-Fighting words. BFreedom of religion-Freedom of assembly. CThe right to burn a flag-Obscenity. DOnline newspapers-The right of a student to pray in school
c
Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment? A A newspaper publishes a factually untrue article that defames the reputation of a public individual. B A group of people who are upset with a judge's decision stage a protest on the judge's private property. C An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president. D A person threatens to commit an act of violence in an online video.
c
Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment? A A student wears a T-shirt to public school portraying an illegal substance. B A person legally purchases a firearm for the purpose of self-defense. C A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work. D A state mandates the reading of a prayer at the beginning of the school day.
c
Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ? A A newspaper prints an editorial supporting executive action by the president. B A student sues a public school that institutes a mandatory prayer ceremony. C A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill. D A religious group practices a religious ritual that is in conflict with a local law.
c
Which of the following statements is true regarding the right to privacy? A The right to privacy has not been the topic of Supreme Court cases. B The right to privacy is explicitly named in the Bill of Rights. C The right to privacy is not explicitly named in the Constitution. D The right to privacy has been acknowledged as a core American value. Related Content & Skills Topic3.9 Skill1.A
c
The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?
c-Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.
A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario? A Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) B Engel v. Vitale (1962) C New York Times v. United States (1971) D Schenck v. United States (1919) Related Content & Skills Topic3.3 Skill2
d
A public school district implemented a policy that instructed students to recite a common, district approved meditation at the beginning of the school day. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate? A The interstate commerce clause B The free exercise clause C The supremacy clause D The establishment clause Related Content & Skills Topic3.2 Skill2.D
d
Greg burned his own small American Flag in Harrisburg on the Capitol Building Steps. A Greg will get arrested because burning the American Flag is against the law. B Burning the American Flag in protest is protect under the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. C Burning the American Flag in protest is protected by the Second Amendment. D Burning the American Flag in protest is symbolic speech protected under the First Amendment.
d
In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that A a constitutional right to privacy necessitated making contraceptives legal B abortions could be performed only during the first twelve weeks of a pregnancy C same sex marriage is unconstitutional D the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal E a husband is allowed to veto his wife's decision to have an abortion
d
Since 1992, how has concern over the increasingly dangerous world described in the passage most affected American political debates? A It has led to a decline in the power of states to enforce their own state laws. B Congress has increased its role in foreign policy, especially when it comes to combat operations. C There has been a decline in support for the free enterprise system due to the increased number of trade agreements. D The federal government has increased its surveillance powers, lea
d
The Supreme Court has ruled which of the following concerning the death penalty? A A state may not impose the death penalty on a noncitizen. B Lethal injection is the only constitutionally acceptable method of execution. C Females may not be executed. D The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment. E The death penalty violates the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution.
d
Which of the following accurately depicts the Supreme Courts view on the Second Amendment given the most recent case law? A Individuals living in a federal district have the right to own a firearm. B Individuals living in states have the right to own a firearm. C Only members of a state militia have the right to own a firearm D Both A&B
d
Which of the following is one of the central concerns of the First Amendment? A The supremacy of the national over the state governments B The right of citizens to bear arms C The division of powers among the three branches of government D The right of citizens to petition the government for redress of grievances E The protection of the rights of those accused of committing a crime
d
Which of the following explains the constitutional reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?
d-The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
