AP Gov- Unit 2 Test (4/5)

In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to which of the following? a. due process b. the assistance of counsel c. equal protection d. habeas corpus e. a bill of attainder

a. an absolute right

The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner? a. capital punishment b. school prayer c. access to court-appointed counsel d. symbolic speech protection e. the exclusionary rule

a. capital punishment

Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion? a. establishment b. free exercise c. full faith and credit d. equal protection e. due process

a. establishment

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________. a. race b. gender c. age d. property ownership e. involvement in insurrection

a. race

What type of due process protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws? a. procedural b. constitutional c. substantive d. individual e. prospective

c. substantive

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________. a. Korematsu v. United States b. Reed v. Reed c. the Nineteenth Amendment d. the 1964 Civil Rights Act e. the 1965 Voting Rights Act

c. the Nineteenth Amendment

What was the main purpose for the March on Washington? a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative agenda b. to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine c. to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the freedom riders d. to urge African Americans to reelect John F. Kennedy e. to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation

a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights? a. the all men are created equal clause b. the equal protection clause c. the privileges and immunities clause d. the Equal Rights Amendment e. the grandfather clause

b. the equal protection clause

Which of the following is an example of procedural due process? a. the right to bear arms b. the right to a speedy trial c. the right to free speech d. the right to practice religion e. the right to vote

b. the right to a speedy trial

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott? a. the prohibition of alcohol b. women's rights c. rights for former slaves d. ending the Civil War e. the New Deal

b. women's rights

The Military Commission Act of 2006 allows the government to jail detainees without an opportunity to file which of the following? a. an appeal b. a writ of habeas corpus c. a bill of attainder d. a motion for summary judgment e. a jury demand

b. writ of habeas corpus

What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations? a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce. b. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals. c. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of the states. d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech. e. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there was insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.

b.Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.

What were the Black Codes passed by many of the former Confederate states designed to do? a. segregate blacks and whites b. deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to newly freed slaves c. keep newly freed slaves from being hired for work, so they would have to remain slaves d. deny newly freed slaves the right to attend church e. separate slave families from each other, making it easier to keep blacks in servitude

b.deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to newly freed slaves

The prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment comes from which of the following? a. Native American principles b. French civil law c. English common law d. German criminal codes e. Spanish jurisprudence

c. English common law

According to Table 4.1, How Has Selective Incorporation Made the Bill of Rights Applicable to the States?, which of the constitutional amendments was the first to be incorporated and applied to the states? a. Fourth b. Fifth c. First d. Second e. Eighth

c. First

The USA PATRIOT Act expands an exception found in which amendment to allow spying? a. First b. Second c. Fourth d. Fifth e. Sixth

c. Fourth

Which of the following best explains the rationale for the selective incorporation of freedom of assembly? a. It is included in the Bill of Rights. b. The framers intended for the state and federal governments to respect this right. c. It is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice. d. The text of the First Amendment specifically references the states. e. It is one of the implicit rights reserved to the people by the Ninth Amendment.

c. It is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice.

Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following? a. poll taxes b. grandfather clauses c. Jim Crow laws d. slavery e. integration

c. Jim Crow laws

Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule? a. Parker v. Gideon b. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan c. Mapp v. Ohio d. Wolf v. Colorado e. Gideon v. Wainwright

c. Mapp v. Ohio

If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is committing or about to commit a crime, that officer can stop and frisk the suspect without __________. a. their consent b. arresting them c. a warrant d. a witness e. evidence

c. a warrant

The Constitution protects against search of an individual's person, home, or vehicle without __________. a. due process b. permission c. a warrant d. compensation e. a good reason

c. a warrant

What is the most common form of firearm regulation? a. gun bans b. licensing requirements c. concealed carry restrictions d. right to carry e. handgun waiting periods

c. concealed carry restrictions

During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act by ruling that Congress has a right to restrict speech that ________. is critical of the government b. is a prior restraint c. creates a clear and present danger d. qualifies as hate speech e. is symbolic but obscene

c. creates a clear and present danger

Convicted criminals whose sentences increase during their prison term due to a change in the law have been illegally subjected to what kind of law? a. cruel and unusual b. habeas corpus c. ex post facto d. bill of attainder e. writ of certiorari

c. ex post facto

Article I of the Constitution prohibits which of the following, which make an act punishable as a crime even if the act was legal when it was committed? a. writs of habeas corpus b. bills of attainder c. ex post facto laws d. procedural guarantees e. prior restraints

c. ex post facto laws

Profanity, obscenity, and threats are examples of which of the following? a. hate speech b. prior restraints c. fighting words d. free speech e. free exercise

c. fighting words

In matters of religion, the free exercise clause protects individuals from which of the following? a. discrimination b. persecution c. governmental intrusion d. segregation e. dissenting opinions

c. governmental intrusion

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed? a. when the South seceded from the Union b. during the Civil War c. immediately after the Civil War d. immediately after Reconstruction e. during the civil rights movement

c. immediately after the Civil War

In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court further developed which of the following? a. exclusionary rule b. due process clause c. incorporation doctrine d. free exercise clause e. equal protection clause

c. incorporation doctrine

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans? a. boycotts b. protests c. litigation d. nonviolent direct action e. marches and rallies

c. litigation

Although the speech in question was suppressed, the Court in Gitlow v. New York held that not all forms of __________ can be limited. a. hate speech b. symbolic speech c. political speech d. fighting words e. obscenity

c. political speech

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education? a. integrated schools b. poll taxes c. segregation of schools d. unequal school funding e. school busing

c. segregation of schools

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott? a. the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech b. the Greensboro, N.C., lunch counter sit-in c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala. d. the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson e. the assassination of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy? a. Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the gay and lesbian community. b. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military. c. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation. d. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers. e. It prohibited gay and heterosexual soldiers from discussing their sexual activity.

c.It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.

What were Black Codes? a. segregation laws that discriminated in housing b. laws that denied rights to African Americans c. laws requiring a poll tax or literacy test to vote d. proposed racial quota affirmative action programs e. unwritten norms of discrimination in the South

d. proposed racial quota affirmative action programs

The Bill of Rights is made up of the first __________ amendments to the U.S. Constitution. a. three b. five c. seven d. ten e. twelve

d. ten

Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbra of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights? a. right to marry b. right to travel c. right to vote d. right to privacy e. right to have a family

d. the right to privacy

What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement? a. the right to an abortion b. the right to own property c. equal pay for equal worth d. the right to vote e. broad gender equality

d. the right to vote

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil liberties of __________. a. African Americans b. Asians c. American Indians d. gays and lesbians e. disabled Americans

d.gays and lesbians

What did Jim Crow laws mandate? a. voting rights b. racial segregation c. poll taxes d. grandfather clauses e. Black Codes

b. racial discrimination

What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be unconstitutional? a. state-mandated Bible reading b. forced sterilization c. segregated education d. discrimination against homosexuals e. imprisonment without a trial

a. state-mandated Bible reading

Which of the following emanates from a "penumbra" and not an explicitly stated constitutional right? a. the right of parents to direct the education of their children b. the free speech rights of children at school c. the prohibition on school prayer in public schools d. the right of religious schools to be free from state taxes e. the right of children to have a lawyer at juvenile court proceedings

a. the right of parents to direct the education of their children

What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a crime? a. assistance of counsel b. access to law books c. a jury trial d. assistance by the press e. a written indictment

a assistance of counsel

Civil liberties are __________ that the government cannot take away. a. property rights b. personal freedoms c. business rights d. recognitions of equality e. religious freedoms

b. personal freedoms

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States? a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan. b. It was permissible because it only applied to noncitizens. c. It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated. d. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it. e. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese-Americans must be duly compensated.

a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.

Which of the following dissuaded states from ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment? a. Roe v. Wade b. the National Organization for Women c. The Feminine Mystique d. the strict scrutiny standard e. HIV/AIDS

a. Roe v. Wade

What is the current legal status of American Indian tribes? a. They are sovereign nations. b. They have a status similar to states. c. They have a status similar to counties. d. They have a status similar to towns or townships. e. They have a status similar to incorporated businesses

a. They are sovereign nations.

Which Supreme Court case upheld the National Firearms Act, which imposed taxes on some kinds of weapons? a. U.S. v. Miller b. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Miranda v. Arizona d. Mapp v. Ohio e. Griswold v. Connecticut

a. US v. Miller

In which case did the Supreme Court first recognize the exclusionary rule, which bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? a. Weeks v. U.S. b. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Furman v. Georgia d. House v. Bell e. Griswold v. Connecticut

a. Weeks v. US

Substantive due process created a standard whereby the states had a legal burden to prove that their laws were which of the following? a. a valid exercise of power b. fairly applied to all citizens c. consistent with the First Amendment d. consistent with federal r

a. a valid exercise of power

The USA PATRIOT Act enhances the government's ability to do which of the following? a. examine private records b. take personal property c. imprison citizens without trial d. indict foreign enemies e. control public schooling

a. examine private records

In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, action. a. federal, state b. state, federal c. state, local d. local, state e. federal, local

a. federal, state

Under the Court's review standards shown in Table 5.1, a law that classifies people according to __________ will be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality. a. race b. age c. disability d. gender e. sexual orientation

a. race

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following? a. racism b. affirmative action c. sexism d. sodomy e. job training programs

a. racism

Which of the following represents the critiques given by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s? a. It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the draft, and put women at financial risk. b. The Declaration of Independence says men are created equal, and that does not apply to women. c. It would invalidate protective legislation and destroy the family. d. Equality of results is more important than equality of actions. e. It would revoke Muller v. Oregon, make women vulnerable to exploitation, and leave children without care.

a.It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the draft, and put women at financial risk.

What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination? a. practice b. law c. the Constitution d. Congress e. affirmative action

a.practice

The Alien and Sedition Acts are an example of what kind of law? a. violation of free speech b. prior restraint c. content-based d. civil e. criminal

b prior restraint

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following? a. integration b. Jim Crow laws c. nonviolent direct action d. the Fifteenth Amendment e. Reconstruction

b. Jim Crow laws

Which test examines the constitutionality of religious establishments? a. Orange b. Lemon c. Free Exercise d. Prior Restraint e. Due Process

b. Lemon

Which amendment protects the right to bear arms? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth e. Fifth

b. Second

According to the "Take a Closer Look" feature box, which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists? a. Grapes of Wrath b. Uncle Tom's Cabin c. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee d. Wick Wo Hopkins e. Enough Is Enough

b. Uncle Tom's Cabin

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against inthe past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination? a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance d. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group e. requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least two years of prior experience

b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure? a. property loss b. actual malice c. an audience d. a written record e. actual harm

b. actual malice

The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following? a. media coverage b. being tried again c. going free d. asserting innocence e. seeking the assistance of an attorney

b. being tried again

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? a. poll taxes and grandfather clauses b. discrimination in public accommodations c. integration in public transportation d. discrimination based on sexual orientation e. nonviolent direct action

b. discrimination in public accommodations

What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call its prisoners? a. war criminals b. enemy combatants c. prisoners of war d. foreign aggressors e. enemy troops

b. enemy combatants

Shouting profanities in public is an example of __________, which is not protected speech. a. hate speech b. fighting words c. obscenity d. libel e. slander

b. fighting words

The Supreme Court has used selective incorporation to __________ the rights of states. a. protect b. limit c. expand d. define e. enforce

b. limit

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________. a. in accordance with the law b. nonviolently c. secretly d. anonymously e. with all deliberative speed

b. nonviolently

In Roth v. U.S., the U.S. Supreme Court held that material must be utterly without social importance in order to be considered _ _________. a. illegal b. obscene c. hate speech d. fighting words e. a prior restraint

b. obscene

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities? a. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly. b. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law. c. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law. d. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation. e. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without malice."

c.The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

In what year did the Supreme Court first rule that the use of confessions obtained after physical beatings were unconstitutional? a. 1906 b. 1976 c. 1946 d. 1936 e. 1956

d. 1936

Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe the author as "the little woman who started the big war" because of the effect the book had on changing public opinion? a. Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Seneca Falls Convention c. Lucretia Mott's The World Anti-Slavery Society d. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin e. Susan B. Anthony's The Story of American Women's Suffrage

d. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following? a. a bar to equal protection b. a due process violation c. a prior restraint d. an undue burden e. a substantial inconvenience

d. an undue burden

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves? a. forty acres of farmland and a mule b. free university education c. economic equality with whites d. citizenship rights e. debt forgiveness

d. citizenship rights

Today, the United States is the only western country to use which of the following to punish crime? a. prison system b. juvenile justice system c. Eighth Amendment d. death penalty e. corporal punishment

d. death penalty

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" is known as the __________ clause. a. due process b. jurisdiction c. grandfather d. equal protection e. privileges and immunities

d. equal protection

Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial? a. double jeopardy b. right to pay c. prior restraint d. exclusionary e. hate speech

d. exclusionary

What kind of speech is by its very utterance intended to inflict injury or incite an immediate breach of peace? a. hate speech b. symbolic speech c. political speech d. fighting words e. obscenity

d. fighting words

In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to which of the following? a. due process b. the assistance of counsel c. equal protection d. habeas corpus e. a bill of attainder

d. habeas corpus

In the first civil rights movement, the abolitionist movement and the early women's movement were tied together. When did this movement take place? a. in the Progressive era b. during the Civil War c. during Reconstruction d. in the early 1800s e. in the early 1900s

d. in the early 1800s

A false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________. a. defamation, slander b. slander, libel c. libel, defamation d. libel, slander e. slander, defamation

d. libel, slander

In recent years, the Supreme Court has struggled to address ______ ____ on the Internet in a First Amendment context. a. slander b. libel c. hate speech d. obscenity e. fighting words

d. obscenity

Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school? a. fighting b. a weapon c. free speech d. prayer e. punishment

d. prayer

The Sixth Amendment sets out basic requirements for which type of due process? a. civil b. substantive c. criminal d. procedural e. constitutional

d. procedural

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War? a. Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and have continued to increase steadily ever since. b. There were no attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans until Reconstruction ended. c. The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than their northern counterparts. d. It was two decades after the Civil War before African Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of whites. e. Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.

e. Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.

Selective incorporation makes the protections from the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments? a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Sixth d. Tenth e. Fourteenth

e. Fourteenth

Which U.S. Supreme Court case found that a woman's right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy? a. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey b. Lawrence v. Texas c. Miranda v. Arizona d. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan e. Roe v. Wade

e. Roe v. Wade

The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication __________. a. that is obscene b. after the fact c. that is illegal d. that is critical of the government e. before the fact

e. before the fact

Miranda rights include the right to which of the following? a. a phone call b. due process c. a jury trial d. be free from search and seizure e. counsel

e. counsel

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause? a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students b. prohibiting those over seventy years old from working in law enforcement c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

Which of the following is responsible for determining whether enough evidence exists to support a conviction against a criminal defendant? a. trial court b. defense attorney c. prosecutor d. legislature e. jury

e. jury

According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans? a. theaters b. hotels c. railroads d. private homes e. post offices

e. post offices

Which of the following could pass muster and not be considered obscenity under the Roth test? a. child pornography b. nude images c. film d. hardcore pornography e. profane language

e. profane language

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional. a. poll taxes b. grandfather clauses c. all forms of affirmative action d. Jim Crow laws e. racial quotas

e. racial quotas

The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following? a. education b. finance c. business d. speech e. religion

e. religion

The "right to remain silent" is a citizen's protection against which of the following? a. governmental intrusion b. search and seizure c. religious establishment d. a biased jury e. self-incrimination

e. self-incrimination

In spite of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in the early twentyfirst century still earn less than men, which led President Barack Obama to sign which of the following? a. the Elizabeth Cady Stanton Act b. Title IX c. the Susan B. Anthony Act d. the Civil Rights Act of 2009 e. the Lilly Ledbetter Act

e. the Lilly Ledbetter Act

Which of the following created the right to privacy? a. the Bill of Rights b. the Constitution c. the executive branch d. the legislature

e. the judiciary

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act? a. hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability b. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability c. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities d. ensuring that employees who use a wheelchair have jobs that shield them from public contact e. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair.

e.installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair