AP Gov - Unit 3 - Civil Liberties MC Test

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision? (A) Full faith and credit (B) Selective incorporation (C) Equal protection (D) Eminent domain

(B) Selective incorporation

Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint? (A) The steps of the building (B) The fallen pillars (C) The word "democracy" written on the building (D) The standing pillars

(B) The fallen pillars

The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment (A) did not extend privacy rights (B) was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms (C) should not be applied to states that do not have a militia (D) protects an individual's right to own a gun for personal protection

(B) was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs? (A) United States v. Lopez (1995) (B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) (C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) (D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

(D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens? (A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) (B) Marbury v. Madison (1803) (C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) (D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

(D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could (A) ban obscene materials (B) suspend habeas corpus protections (C) mobilize the National Guard (D) limit free speech (E) commit troops to situations of potential foreign combat

(D) limit free speech

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision? (A) A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper (B) A ruling against a public school's practice of having prayer at school assemblies (C) A ruling supporting the creation of gun-free zones in public schools (D) A ruling enforcing mandatory vaccinations for all children before attending school

(A) A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper

10. Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim? (A) At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias. (B) The Constitution clearly states that the Second Amendment applies only to the federal government's ability to make gun laws. (C) The United States today uses militias such as police forces to maintain domestic peace. (D) The Constitution guarantees that all rights, including the Second Amendment, are incorporated to thestates.

(A) At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias.

Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court? (A) It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words. (B) It protects the use of language deemed obscene by the courts. (C) It allows citizens to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust. (D) It is protected from infringement by the federal government but not from infringement by state governments. (E) It cannot be limited in any manner.

(A) It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words.

The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon? (A) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) (B) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) (C) Schenck v. United States (1919) (D) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

(A) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon? (A) Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release (B) Supreme Court Rules High School Students May Silently Protest Vietnam War (C) Supreme Court Hears Flag Burning Case (D) War Protestor Presented "Clear and Present Danger" Says Court

(A) Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release

A writ of habeas corpus refers to (A) a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment (B) a person's right to not be charged for an action committed before that action was a crime (C) a person's right to trial by jury (D) the protection against cruel and unusual punishment (E) a demand from one state to extradite a suspect from another state

(A) a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted (A) when it incites violent action (B) when it lacks a political purpose (C) whenever the United States is at war (D) if it is deemed offensive to religious organizations (E) if the writer or speaker is not a citizen of the United States

(A) when it incites violent action

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment? (A) A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject's reputation. (B) A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war. (C) An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media. (D) An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action.

(B) A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply? (A) State governments only (B) Federal government only (C) State and federal governments only (D) Local and federal governments only (E) Local, state, and federal governments

(B) Federal government only

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling? (A) It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment. (B) It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation. (C) It balanced the school's interest in providing for an open and peaceful frame of mind for the school day with the interest of the students in not being subjected to the prayer, ultimately ruling for the state. (D) It rejected the student complaint, as public school students have no free exercise rights in school.

(B) It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty? (A) United States v. Lopez (1995) (B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) (C) Baker v. Carr (1962) (D) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

(B) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following best defines civil liberties? (A) The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights (B) Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government (C) Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts (D) Those features of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution that pertain to the actions of individuals and groups (E) Laws passed by Congress to define the powers and privileges of individuals

(B) Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action? (A) The First Amendment (B) The Second Amendment (C) The Third Amendment (D) The Fourth Amendment

(B) The Second Amendment

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses? (A) The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment (B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (C) The equal protection clause of the Fifth Amendment (D) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

(B) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as (A) judicial review (B) incorporation (C) broad construction (D) federalism (E) stare decisis

(B) incorporation

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ? (A) A newspaper prints an editorial supporting executive action by the president. (B) A student sues a public school that institutes a mandatory prayer ceremony. (C) A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill. (D) A religious group practices a religious ritual that is in conflict with a local law.

(C) A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment? (A) A student wears a T-shirt to public school portraying an illegal substance. (B) A person legally purchases a firearm for the purpose of self-defense. (C) A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work. (D) A state mandates the reading of a prayer at the beginning of the school day.

(C) A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions? (A) A student is expelled from school for wearing a black T-shirt expressing opposition to a law recently passed by the state legislature. (B) An organization regarded as a hate group is not able to obtain a permit to march through a major city because of its message. (C) Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour. (D) An independent political advocacy organization is prevented by the Federal Communications

(C) Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

The Washington Post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules? (A) The application of strict scrutiny (B) The exclusionary rule for evidence (C) The heavy presumption against prior restraint (D) Time, place, and manner restrictions

(C) The heavy presumption against prior restraint

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs? (A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) (B) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) (C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) (D) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

(C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to (A) expand presidential power (B) restrict the application of judicial review (C) make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states (D) prevent states from taxing agencies of the federal government (E) limit the use of the legislative veto

(C) make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

The free-exercise clause protects (A) the president from forcibly revealing private conversations with staff (B) individuals who, for religious reasons, refuse to pay Social Security taxes (C) voluntary prayer by student groups before school (D) a person's right to burn the American flag (E) a person's right to practice polygamy

(C) voluntary prayer by student groups before school

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article? (A) Engel v. Vitale (1962) (B) Baker v. Carr (1962) (C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (D) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

(D) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's (A) Preamble (B) necessary and proper clause (C) supremacy clause (D) Tenth Amendment (E) Fourteenth Amendment

(E) Fourteenth Amendment