AP GOV UNIT 4 TEST

Which of the following statements best explains why a Congressional candidate might use a focus group over a telephone survey?

Focus groups are more useful to determine why people have the opinions they do than telephone surveys

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of free enterprise and rule of law?

Increasing regulations on banking practices

Which of the following policies would create the most tension between competing interpretations of limited government and individualism?

Increasing regulations on the sale of automatic weapons

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the chart and your knowledge of the impact of lifecycle effects on political attitudes?

Individuals are likely to become more conservative as they age

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of rule of law and limited government?

Investigating journalists who have published news stories critical of the administration

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of rule of law and limited government?

Seizing library records to investigate potential terrorists

Which of the following is most important for getting an accurate measure of public opinion in a survey?

Selecting a random sample

The chart above supports which of the following conclusions?

The gender gap among those who identified with the Republican party was narrowest for those between 25 and 34 years of age.

Average public trust in government, 1958-2017, based on the percentage of Americans who said they trust the federal government to do the right thing "always" or "most of the time." Source: Pew Research Center The data displayed in the graph above best supports which of the following statements?

The war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal, which occurred during the late 1960s and 1970s, eroded public trust in government that has never been fully rebuilt.

Which of the following explains why any attempt to reduce Social Security benefits is difficult?

There are many voters who support Social Security.

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the line graph?

Trust in information from national news media is increasingly related to partisan affiliation

Which of the following policies would a libertarian politician most likely support?

abolishing the death penalty

Which of the following Republican positions from the infographic would a Libertarian most likely agree with?

access to guns

Before her candidate announces his bid for office, a campaign manager organizes a short survey of likely voters to determine which issues most concern them. She hopes that by conducting this survey before the campaign starts, she can tell her candidate the likelihood of winning based on his position on key issues. Which type of poll is this campaign manager conducting?

benchmark poll

Candidates for political office use public opinion polls for all of the following purposes EXCEPT to

bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of conservative and liberal views concerning social policy?

comparison A, the federal government should conduct background checks for gun purchases & the federal government should not restrict an individual's access to a gun

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views concerning economic policy?

comparison B, raising taxes on top US earners allow the government to help the middle class & cutting federal regulations and taxes provides businesses with more opportunities to hire more workers

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of monetary policy and fiscal policy?

comparison C, controlled by central banks, like the Federal Reserve System & Control by congress and the president

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views concerning economic policy?

comparison D, the federal government should have a stronger role in regulating the economy & the federal government should have a less involved role in regulating the economy

Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the Republican Party's platform?

conservative

On Election Day, TV news network Houston News One is trying to project the 2018 Texas election results. They send pollsters to 400 voting places throughout the state to survey people before they cast their vote. Which type of poll is the news network conducting?

entrance poll

All of the following are traditional political values held by most Americans EXCEPT

equality of outcome

On Election Day, radio news network Guam Live is trying to project the result of the presidential election. They send pollsters to 350 voting places throughout the United States to survey people after they have voted. Which type of poll is the news network conducting?

exit poll

Party identification in the United States is most successfully transmitted by which of the following?

family

Which of the following agents of socialization is the most successful at transmitting political ideologies?

family

When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will most likely

identify with the parents' party

Which of the following policies would a liberal politician most likely support?

increasing funding for school lunch programs

Use the text below to answer the following question. "We should accept our responsibility in the fight against global warming by supporting stricter pollution emission standards for cars sold in Maryland by adopting the Clean Cars Act. By taking action, we are not only going to be able to help children who suffer everyday from asthma, we are also going to be able to remove pollutants from the air, and be able, to a degree, to remove those pollutants from the Bay. We can join 11 other states in getting this done, and getting it done this year." -Governor Martin O'Malley of Maryland, State of the State Address, 2007 Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the author?

liberal

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a constitutional amendment banning the use of the death penalty?

liberals

Which of the following Democratic positions from the infographic would a Libertarian most likely agree with?

marriage equality

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views?

more likely to vote with the democratic party & more likely to vote with the republican party

Children are most likely to adopt the party identification

of their parents

Political socialization is the process by which

political values are passed to the next generation

Which of the following is a characteristic of a reliable scientific poll?

randomized sample

Which of the following is a characteristic of a reliable scientific poll?

representative sample

Which of the following is a characteristic of a reliable scientific poll?

small sampling error

Of the following, the most important role in the political socialization of children is played by

the family

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of conservative and liberal views concerning social policy?

the federal government should legalize and regulate the use of marijuana & the federal government should maintain its position on prohibiting the use of marijuana

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views concerning the role of government?

the federal government should strengthen background checks for gun ownership & the federal government should not create laws that infringe on an individual's right to bear arms

The differences shown in the table demonstrate which of the following?

the gender gap

Which of the following statements best explains how a politician might use data found in a public opinion poll?

to craft the presentation of policy so as to gain public support

Count the Votes, a website that focuses on opinion poll analysis, conducts a poll every day for four years to determine how popular the sitting president is with likely or registered voters. Which type of poll is Count the Votes conducting?

tracking poll

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of individualism and limited government?

Banning religious prayer in public schools

Liberal ideology is best defined as which of the following?

A belief in increasing the role of government to regulate the economy and create government programs to help the most needy

Conservative ideology is best defined as which of the following?

A belief in limiting government regulation of the economy, but upholding traditional values by imposing restrictions on behaviors like same-sex marriage

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to supply-side economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

A budget that cuts individual and corporate income tax and decreases government regulation of the economy

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to Keynesian economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

A budget with significant additions of public work projects to provide employment for Americans without jobs

If Congress adheres to a libertarian economic policy, which of the following measures would it most likely employ during an economic recession?

A constitutional amendment that prohibits the federal government from creating government subsidies and bailouts to businesses

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to supply-side economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

A national budget with significant cuts in federal spending on entitlement programs like Medicaid

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the line graph above and your knowledge of political socialization?

A person's attitude about same-sex marriage can depend on which religious organization they take part in

Which of the following policies would a conservative politician most likely support?

Allowing voluntary prayer in schools

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to Keynesian economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

An executive order that built three solar panel farms and two wind-powered generators in rural areas to decrease unemployment

The primary responsibility for determining monetary policy in the United States rests with the

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of conservative and liberal views concerning social policy?

Comparison D, the federal government should allow same-sex marriage & the federal government should restrict marriage to one man and one woman

After reading the results of this public opinion poll, Congressman Dan Schubert proposes a bill that would eliminate mandatory background checks on individuals purchasing guns. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the graph and your knowledge of the importance of public opinion data as a source of political influence?

Congressman Schubert judged that although a majority of Americans support stricter gun control laws, the voters in his district are more likely to oppose such laws

Use the text below to answer the following question. "Above all, the role of policymakers must be to lift government-imposed barriers to stronger communities and flourishing lives. Fiscal responsibility and economic opportunity are but means to a more critical end: the rebuilding of broken communities and the empowerment of families and citizens. The ever-expansive activism of the federal government drains the vitality and displaces the primacy of the bedrock institutions that define America." -Congressman Paul Ryan, The Path to Prosperity, 2012 Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the author?

Conservative

Which of the following ideological perspectives would the "fat cat" in this cartoon most likely have?

Conservative

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a constitutional amendment that bans affirmative action programs?

Conservatives

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a piece of legislation that lowers the corporate tax rate?

Conservatives

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following statements is true about generational opinions towards immigrants?

In all generations, opinions toward immigrants have become more favorable over time

Which of the following policies is most likely to cause tension between the competing values of individualism and rule of law?

Criminalizing the use of recreational drugs like marijuana

Which of the following is NOT a core value of United States political culture?

Economic equality

"The effects of a severe recession experienced are large when the individual is between the ages of 18 and 24 - the so-called formative age - during which social psychologists think most of social beliefs are formed; the effects are not so strong when the recession is experienced later in life . . . these effects are permanent because attitudes of recession-stricken individuals remain significantly altered many years after the severe recession ends." Antonio Spilimbergo and Paola Giuliano, "The long-lasting effects of the economic crisis," 2009. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the authors' argument in this passage?

Economic recessions have lasting consequences on the attitudes of individuals who experienced them during their formative years

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of equality of opportunity and rule of law?

Enacting a policy that punishes immigrants seeking asylum who attempt to enter the United States without documentation

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of rule of law and limited government?

Expelling undocumented US residents from the country

Which of the following life events would be most likely to have a significant effect on an individual's political attitude?

Getting married or divorced

"I believe great decisions are made with care, made with conviction, not made with polls. I do not need to take your pulse before I know my own mind. I do not reinvent myself at every turn. I am not running in borrowed clothes. When I act, you will know my reasons." -George W. Bush, Acceptance Speech, Republican National Convention, August 3, 2000 Which of the following statements best summarizes Governor Bush's argument?

He does not use polls to decide his stance on policy

If Congress adheres to a liberal economic policy, which of the following measures would it most likely employ during an economic recession?

Legislation to increase corporate income tax rates and increase regulation of the economy

If Congress adheres to a conservative economic policy, which of the following measures would it most likely employ during an economic recession?

Legislation to reduce regulations on the operation of small businesses

Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the Democratic Party's platform?

Liberal

"9/11 significantly increased political participation of the affected populations . . . Families and neighbors became more involved in politicized activities, including the selection of party nominees and in providing financial support to favored candidates . . . Finally, although families, and to a lesser extent neighbors, became more involved in their own parties' activities, there was an average shift in allegiance to the Republican Party." Eitan D. Hersh, "Long-term effect of September 11 on the political behavior of victims' families and neighbors," 2013. Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Major political events play a significant role in shaping individuals' political attitudes

Which of the following policies is most likely to cause tension between the competing values of equality of opportunity and limited government?

Mandating that all public schools have English language programs

A political scientist might use this data to support which of the following arguments?

Religious organizations are major agents of political socialization because religious leaders speak about social or political issues

Which of the following statements about Democrats and Republicans is true?

Republicans are more likely than Democrats to label themselves "conservatives."

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the process of political socialization?

Parents discuss at the dinner table and in front of their children who they are voting for in the next presidential election

Which of the following concepts refers to the beliefs about government and politics that people in the United States hold most deeply?

Party culture

Chart depicting party identification based on generation. Pew identifies millennials as individuals born between 1981 and 1996, Gen Xers as individuals born between 1965 and 1980, boomers as individuals born between 1946 to 1964, and silents as individuals born between 1928 and 1945. Source: Pew Research Center Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart?

Party identification differs significantly between generations

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between free enterprise and equality of opportunity?

Passing an "equal pay for equal work" law to reduce differences in pay for women and men

Question: We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. I'm going to show you a seven-point scale on which the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely liberal — point 1 — to extremely conservative — point 7. Where would you place yourself on this scale? (Point 4 not shown on scale.)

People with higher incomes are more likely to think of themselves as conservative than are those with lower incomes.

Which of the following accurately describes a limitation of the visual representation of the data?

Predicting trends or making generalizations based on two data points is unreliable

"We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure out which of the positions he had already taken were the most popular. I would always draw the distinction between deciding on policy and identifying certain issues for emphasis by telling Clinton, 'You print the menu of the things you want. Then I'll advise which dish to have for dinner tonight.'" -Dick Morris, polling consultant for Bill Clinton, Behind the Oval , 1997 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Public opinion poll results can be used to determine how best to present policies to the public

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of equality of opportunity and free enterprise?

Raising the minimum wage to $15

Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between free enterprise and rule of law?

Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies

Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization?

Sports teams

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the process of political socialization in schools?

Students are required to take an American government course to graduate from high school

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon?

Supply-side economic policies are controversial when they cut taxes for the rich, because they may not use that money to expand the American economy

Which of the following statements best describes a trend in the line graph above?

Support for gun control legislation has consistently hovered around 60% in the period shown

Based on the infographic, which of the following claims could a media organization make about the ideological leanings of the Democratic party?

The Democratic party leans towards a liberal ideology because they favor more government involvement to ensure social and economic equality

Based on the infographic, which of the following claims could a media organization make about the ideological leanings of the Republican party?

The Republican party leans towards a conservative ideology because they favor less government involvement in trying to impact social and economic equality

Average public trust in government, 1958-2017, based on the percentage of Americans who said they trust the federal government to do the right thing "always" or "most of the time." Source: Pew Research Center Which of the following accurately describes the information presented in the line graph?

The percentage of Americans who said they trust the government fell significantly between the late 1960s and 1980, and since then has never risen to pre-1970 levels

A recent poll indicates that 57 percent of all people in the United States disapprove of the Supreme Court's ruling that no state or local government may require the reading of Bible verses in public schools. Which of the following pieces of information would support the credibility of the poll result?

The poll received a representative sample of 1,850 respondents

A recent poll indicates that 75 percent of all people in the United States support new gun control legislation. Which of the following pieces of information would support the credibility of the poll result?

The poll reported a sampling error of plus or minus 2.5 percent

A major textbook distributor, Thomas textbooks, conducts a telephone survey of teachers that use one of their textbooks. They interviewed a total of 2000 teachers (out of 10,000 teachers who used a textbook) and asked them to agree, disagree, or express neutrality toward the following statement: "My students' standardized test scores improved after using a Thomas textbook." The textbook company reported a sampling error of ± 25% and published their findings in the following chart.

The poll reports a large sampling error, indicating that the margin of error is high

A recent poll indicates that 89 percent of US adults favor expanding solar panel farms throughout the United States. Which of the following pieces of information would support the credibility of the poll result?

The poll was conducted over the phone using a random-digit-dialing system

In a public opinion poll, 2 million subscribers to Soccer Lovers Magazine were called and asked to agree, disagree, or express neutrality toward the following statement: FIFA, soccer's international governing organization, should mandate that soccer clubs pay female athletes the same amount as male athletes. The magazine reported a sampling error of ±3% and published their findings in the following chart. A pollster might claim that this poll is unreliable for which of the following reasons?

The poll was conducted solely among respondents who purchased a magazine and does not rely on a randomized sample

A fitness website, Pump it up!, conducts a survey outside several gyms in Seattle, Washington. They interviewed a total of 100 people and asked them to respond to the following question: "How many days a week should a person work out to be considered healthy?" The website reported a sampling error of ± 3% and published their findings in the following chart.

The poll's sample respondents were not randomized and not representative of the average Seattle resident

Political socialization is best defined as which of the following?

The process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire their ideas about government

In a public opinion poll of a representative sample of a population, 1,800 people were asked to agree, disagree, or express neutrality toward the following statements. Statement A: The government should do more to protect air quality and water quality for American citizens. Result: 51 percent of the respondents agreed. Statement B: The government should punish companies who harm the environment with their business practices. Result: 20 percent of the respondents agreed. Which of the following most likely accounts for the different results?

The questions contained a difference in wording

Two market research firms conduct public opinion polls in the month before the city council votes on a proposed ordinance to issue fines to homeless individuals. Each firm uses a random-dialing system to contact 1000 city residents. DynamicData's survey asked: "Do you think homeless people should be issued a fine for making our city streets unsanitary?" 53% of respondents answered yes, 41% answered no, and 6% said they didn't know. Reardon Research's survey asked: "Do you think homeless veterans should be punished for sleeping in the streets?" 23% of respondents answered yes, 68% of respondents answered no, and 10% said they didn't know. Which of the following most likely accounts for the different results?

The questions contained a difference in wording

"Paid family leave won't only make life easier for Moms and Dads - it will also keep skilled, talented Americans in the workforce and grow our economy. That's why every other advanced country already has it." -Hillary Clinton in a speech in Warren, Michigan, source: Newsweek This quote is an example of which of the following?

The values of other countries have influenced political attitudes in the United States