AP HGO Unit 3 Vocab

Language family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.(Indo European)

Language group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. (Indo-European-Germanic Branch- West germanic group)

Developing Language

A language spoken in daily use with a literary tradition that is not widely distributed.

Dying Language

A language used by older people, but is not being transmitted to children.

Threatened Language

A language used for face-to-face communication, but is losing users.

Institutional language

A language used in education, work, mass media, and government.

Place

A locations physical and cultural characteristics

Place Making

A process in which a community or cultural group gets together to plan a public space (land use)

Ethnologue

Classifies languages as institutional, developing, vigorous, threatened, and dying

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that tend to divide a country and people.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country and people together.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another and bring their culture with them.

Language branch

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago (Indo-European-Germanic branch)

Lingua Franca

a language commonly used by many different groups of people

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

diffusion up a hierarchy, such as from a small town to large cities

Creolization

foreign influences are absorbed and integrated with local meanings. The process of mixing cultural traits to form a new cultural expression.

Literary Tradition

language written as well as spoken

Hegemony

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.

Sequent Occupance

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Hierarchical Diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. King-peasants/Big city-little city

Stimulus Diffusion

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse