ap hug 2.3-2.7

Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pro-natalist policies shown? A A country with a birth rate of 4343, a death rate of 1212, and a rate of natural increase of 3.13.1, passes a law that requires paid maternity leave. B A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents C A country with a birth rate of 1616, a death rate of 44, and a rate of natural increase of 1.21.2, establishes long maternity leave periods from work D A country with a birth rate of 1212, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 0.20.2, requires full-day kindergarten. E A country with a birth rate of 2020, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 1.01.0 , provides state-subsidized day care centers.

A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents

In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics? A A country experiencing population decline, where birth rates are low B A country with a low rate of natural population increase, where a small percentage of citizens work in agriculture C A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk D A country experiencing significant out-migration, where economic conditions lead many job seekers to move to other countries E A country recovering from an environmental disaster, where infrastructure must be rebuilt

A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk

In many less developed countries, only a small percentage of school-aged youth attend school regularly. In some cases, fewer females than males are enrolled in schools. Which of the following patterns is a concern in less developed countries with low school enrollment? A A lack of jobs for older males because of the high number of qualified females B A large number of females working in factories because most males work in agriculture C A lack of qualified males and females to develop a workforce that will improve economic growth D A migration comprised entirely of working-age females to other countries for better-paying jobs E A migration of males and females to other countries to pursue postsecondary education

A lack of qualified males and females to develop a workforce that will improve economic growth

Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China's antinatalist one-child policy? A A dramatic reduction of the birth rate and a decline of the rate of natural increase rate, resulting in lower population growth. B Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population. C A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people. D Decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity. E A decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competitiveness.

A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.

Based on the graph, predicted population growth in which of the following regions is explained by a high total fertility rate? A Asia B Africa C Latin America and Caribbean D Europe E United States and Canada

Africa

Country XX has a high youth-dependency ratio. Country ZZ has fears of running out of agricultural resources. Which of the following explains why Countries XX and ZZ would implement anti-natalist policies? A Antinatalist policies promote higher birth rates so the country will have an adequate future workforce. B Antinatalist policies promote immigration so the country will be able to sustain its population. C Antinatalist policies correct skewed sex ratios so the number of each sex will be relatively even. D Antinatalist policies promote health and sanitation to lower the number of deaths from infectious diseases. E Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.

Anti-natalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.

Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? A China: birth rate = 13, death rate =7 B Democratic Republic of the Congo: birth rate = 44, death rate = 10 C Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7 D Ivory Coast: birth rate = 37, death rate = 13 E Hungary: birth rate = 10, death rate = 13

Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7

Which of the following explains the pattern of growth in City B relative to City A ? A City BB is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City AA is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. B City AA is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City BB is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. C City BB is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City AA is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. D City AA is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City BB is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. E City BB is located in a more developed country and has a high number of urban amenities, whereas City AA is located in a less developed country and has a limited number of urban amenities.

City B is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration.

Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model? A Infectious diseases due to poor sanitation B Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle C Starvation due to an unstable food supply D Infectious diseases due to a lack of vaccines and antibiotics E Reemergence of previously eradicated diseases

Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle

Which of the following types of countries are most likely challenged with the problems associated with a large youth-dependent population, such as providing public primary education for all children? A More developed countries B Less developed countries C Free market countries D Landlocked countries E Island countries

Less developed countries

Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory? A Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself. B Malthus theorized that the ability of a population to feed itself would increase with the expansion of the population; more people would mean greater knowledge invested in expanding food production. C Malthus theorized that reductions of infant mortality would eventually result in slower population growth rates. D Malthus theorized that agricultural developments in the mid-to-late eighteenth century would result in a significant expansion of food production, therefore alleviating the threat of overpopulation. E Malthus theorized the only way to prevent overpopulation would be to create policies that would limit the number of children a family could have.

Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself.

Which of the following best describes a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4 ? A Negative population growth B Low life expectancy C Slow population growth D Increasing fertility rates E Decreasing percent elderly population

Slow population growth

Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed? A High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families B Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs C Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population D Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population E Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

In the early part of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, Thomas Malthus developed a theory that population increases exponentially, while food production can increase only arithmetically. Which of the following statements best explains how the Industrial Revolution reduced the threats forecast by Malthus? A The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted. B Industrialization led to the manufacture of weaponry used in warfare, resulting in higher mortality during the conflicts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that dramatically reduced populations. C The migration of people from rural areas to factory cities allowed farmers to expand their farm size and increase food production above Malthus' predictions. D Industrialization enabled and promoted European imperialism, and Europeans migrated to overseas colonies, reducing the European population. E Mechanization expanded to agriculture, increasing the need for agricultural labor to run the equipment, leading rural families to have more children and increasing population growth.

The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted.

The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by A the rural population and agricultural livelihood of a less developed country. B the level of education and traditional roles for women in a less developed country C the resource-based economy and life expectancy of a less developed country D the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country E the environmental pollution and manufacturing infrastructure of a more developed country

the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country