AP HuG Unit 2 study guide

brain drain

the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country, leaving the original country with loss of talented people and having the best of the best in the country they immigrated to

Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide?

Better hygiene and sanitation practices

Deaths in Country A often occur due to outbreaks of epidemic disease, while in Country B most people are dying from chronic disorders such as heart disease. Which of the following best describes where these countries fall in the demographic transition model and in which region they are likely located? (Latin America, West Africa or Western Europe)

Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe

Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries?

Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures

Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?

Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs

Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon?

High youth dependency ratio

Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010 ?

The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate.

A population pyramid that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom most likely represents which of the following populations?

a population of retirees

Which of the following describes forced migration?

British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries

A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results?

The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population

Which statement best explains an environmental impact of China's population distribution? (clustering in east china, random dispersion in west china)

The population distribution shown requires more intensive use of limited soil and water resources to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land.

Which of the following statements best explains the trend about infant mortality shown in the bar chart? (all of the mortality rates have decreased significantly)

The trend can be explained by improved health care and nutrition in all regions

Which of the following explains how data from the population pyramid for Spain would be useful for government policy makers? (pyramid is large in the middle, and smaller but steady at the bottom)

Data on the size of the middle-aged population would be used to plan for retirement and social security benefits.

Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance?

Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer

Which of the following best identifies the data for western China, shown on the map? (clustering in east china, random dispersion in west china)

Low arithmetic density

A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups?

Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education

A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany?

Voluntary guest workers

Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country?

famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production.

Based on the demographic transition model, which region is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4?

Eastern Europe

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries

Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?

Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.

Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years?

An aging population needing health care will require more public funding.

From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period?

As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin.

Which of the following identifies how population density is shown in the maps? (it shows population densities of state of Florida, metro Miami area in postal zip codes, and Miami Beach)

At different scales, showing administrative units

Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations?

South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.

Which of the following describes the relationship between fertility and education in the United States and Canada in recent decades?

The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility.

Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries?

A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.

Based on the diagram of the demographic transition model, which of the following correctly describes the expected population change over time?

As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high.

In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy?

There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children.

Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated?

These regions have higher carrying capacities.

South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates?

Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children

Which of the following patterns is indicated by the population pyramid shown? (triangle shaped pyramid)

The population has a high total fertility rate

Bangladesh has seen its total fertility rate drop to 2.1, but its population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it is today. Which of the following explains why Bangladesh will continue to experience positive rates of natural increase?

Bangladesh will continue to grow because a fertility rate of 2.1 is still above replacement level.

Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare. Which of the following would explain why a country such as Belgium would implement the described policies?

Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates.

If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.