AP Human Geography Chapter 4 Study Guide

Pop Food Culture

Chain restaurants like McDonald's are everywhere

The world's most important electronic media format is...

the Television

Popular Culture

the culture found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Folk Culture

the culture traditionally practiced by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas.

Habit vs. Custom

-A habit is a repetitive act that a particular individual performs. -A custom is a repetitive act that a particular group performs.

Diffusion of Folk Culture and Popular Culture

-Folk customs tend to diffuse slowly and then, primarily through physical relocation of individuals. -Popular customs tend to diffuse rapidly and primarily through hierarchical diffusion from certain nodes. (Certain fads can diffuse contagiously)

Examples of Food Taboos

-Jews- can't eat animals that do not chew cud, that have cloven feet; can't mix meat and milk, or can't eat fish lacking scales -Muslims- no pork -Hindus- no cows

3 major hearths of folk house forms in the US

-New England- "Large Cape Cods" from New England Folk housing in the United States diffused through migration northward and westward across the Southern Great Lakes region. -Middle Atlantic- "I-House" from Mid Atlantic region folk housing in the United States diffused through migration, westward across the Ohio Valley and Southwest along the Appalachian trails. -Lower Chesapeake- from Chesapeake Bay Region in Virginia; Maryland folk housing in the United States diffused through migration from its hearth southward along the Atlantic coast.

India and issues with bride dowries

-Rapid changes in long-established cultural values can lead to instability and even violence in a society. This threatens not just the institutions of folk culture but the sustainability of the society as a whole. -The global diffusion of popular culture has challenged the subservience of women to men that is embedded in some folk customs. Women may have traditionally relegated to performing household chores, such as cooking and cleaning, and to bearing and raising large numbers of children. Those women who worked outside the home were likely to be obtaining food for the family, either through agricultural work or by trading handicrafts.

Folk and Pop culture and their role in the diffusion of sports

-Sports originated as isolated folk customs and diffused like other folk culture via relocation diffusion -Football (soccer) originated in England in the 11th century - Transformation from folk to popular sport began in the 1800s when organized clubs were formed in the U.K. (Arsenal) -Professional Players hired -Standardized rules and organized professional league established in 1863 in U.K. marks formal transition from folk sport to popular sport.

Diffusion of pop culture and a uniform landscape

-The landscape is the idea of placelessness that results from buildings, homes and communities all looking alike

Environment influences on folk housing

-The type of building materials used to construct folk houses is influenced partly by the resources in the environment. -The style of construction can also be influenced by the environment.

Folk and Pop Clothing (Differences in reason for wearing)

-Why do folk cultures wear the clothes they do? Tradition, environment, religion, etc. -Pop culture clothes are the result of fashion trends that can change often.

Contrast hearth characteristics between folk and pop culture

-folk small and isolated communities -pop large urban areas

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom

Where does culture originate?

At a hearth

Diffusion of Internet and pace compared to TV

Diffusion of the internet is following roughly the same pattern as TV did at the start, which is the U.S. has a disproportionally large share of the Internet hosts compared to its share of the world population. As the internet increasingly becomes the people's resource of choice, pop culture will have yet another conduit to rapidly and effectively diffuse to nearly every inhabited place on the planet.

Pop culture distribution

Distributed widely across many countries, with little regard for physical factors. The distribution is influenced by the ability of people to access the material elements of popular culture. The principle obstacle to access is lack of income to purchase the material.

Material culture includes 3 most important necessities to life which are?

Food, Clothing, and Shelter

How did Social media/technology affect governments in Egypt, Libya, and other Southwest Asian and North American countries?

Governments now must use and react to social media

2 adverse impacts on the environment

Pollution of the landscape and depletion of scarce natural resources

Pop culture and level of waste

Pop culture is very material and generates a lot of waste we talked about the amount of packaging used in products.

Differences between folk and pop songs

Pop songs- you know who made the song Folk songs- the author is anonymous

Diffusion of Social Media

Social media helped to spread ideas and the revolutions occurring in these regions despite the governments attempt to censor it was then broadcast by many other countries

Recycling

Something that needs to increase in pop culture to combat the waste that is generated

Amish and Preserving Cultural Identity

The Amish provide an example of a cultural group that has retained distinctive elements of folk culture despite living in a country dominated by popular culture. Shunning mechanical and electrical power, the Amish travel by horse and buggy and continue to use hand tools for farming. The Amish have distinctive clothing, farming, religious practices, and other customs. Amish people do not wish to pose for photos because the act of posing is seen as fostering "graven images." The contemporary distribution of Amish folk culture across the U.S. landscape is explained through relocation diffusion. Several hundred Amish families migrated to North America in two waves. The first group primarily from Bern and the Palatinate, settled in Pennsylvania in the early 1700's enticed by William Penn's offer of low-priced land. Because of the lower land prices, the second group, from Alsace, settled in Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa in the United States and Ontario, Canada, in the early 1800's. From these core areas, groups of Amish migrated to other locations where inexpensive land was available. Today Amish communities are visible on the landscape in at least 19 U.S. states. Living in rural and frontier settlements relatively isolated from other groups, Amish communities have retained their traditional customs, even as other European immigrants to the United States have adopted new ones. Amish folk culture continues to diffuse slowly through interregional migration within the United States. In recent years, a number of Amish families have sold their farms in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania-the oldest and at one time largest Amish community in the United States-and migrated to Southwestern Kentucky. According to Amish tradition, every son is given a farm when he is an adult, but land suitable for farming is expensive and hard to find in Lancaster County because of its proximity to growing metropolitan areas. With the average price of farmland in Southwestern Kentucky less than one-fifth that in Lancaster County, an Amish family can sell its farm in Pennsylvania and acquire enough land in Kentucky to provide adequate farmland for all the sons. Amish families are also migrating from Lancaster County to escape the influx of tourists who come from the nearby metropolitan areas to gawk at the distinctive folk culture. Amish people have learned ways to retain a distinctive cultural identity while living in a country dominated by popular culture. An Amish person will drive in a car for an important purpose, such as visiting a distant doctor or family member. A telephone is not used for social chats but is available to summon a doctor or convey important information to distant relatives. The Amish do not use social media such as the internet for business or personal communication but will permit friends and neighbors who are not Amish to use social media on their behalf.

Role of Blue Jeans in Pop Culture

The most prominent example of pop culture in the realm of clothing is the mighty blue jeans. They have become a symbol of youth and "westernization" throughout the world. Many people in foreign countries are willing to depart with a week's earnings just for a pair of Levi jeans. Jeans have become valuable status symbols in many regions including Asia and Russia despite longstanding folk traditions.

How does electronic media affect folk culture?

The new electronic media allows diffusion to happen even faster and can either spread folk culture or more likely eliminate and replace it.

Can folk culture cause environmental damage?

Yes

Pop culture diffuses rapidly around the world, primarily through...

its widespread and rapid diffusion

Most popular leisure activity in the world is...

watching TV

Threat of foreign media influence

•Three MDC's that dominate television industry- the U.S., the U.K., and Japan •Developing countries views of television- Many LDC leaders claim that because "westerners" own nearly all of the TV broadcast within their countries, a fair, unbiased report of local news is not presented. Instead, the media focuses only on sensational, rating-boosting stories. •LDC vs MDC--Who controls the media- MDC'S (More Developed Countries)