AP Human Geography Midterm Review

where are stages 1 and 2 financially

A developing country (LEDC) is a poor country. Stages 1 and 2 are less economically developed countries

Human induced environmental change is often refereed to as?

Anthropogenic

Which of the following countries would you expect to have the densest population?

Belgium

Which of the following countries is most likely to be showing the lowest natural increase rate?

Liechtenstein

who argued that cultural landscapes should form the basic unit of geographic inquiry

Carl sauer

The world's most widespread religion is

Christianity

The number of live births per thousand people per year is called the

crude birth rate.

Refugees are produced through

forced migration

A perceptual region's boundaries are

fuzzy because they allow for individual interpretation.

The demographic accounting equation does NOT take into account when calculating a country's population.

natural increase over time

Suburbanization is most evident in

newer American cities like Las Vegas.

Thomas Malthus predicted that

population would outpace food production.

The Sun Belt includes

Southern Nevada, southern California, and South Florida.

Many recent college graduates and young professionals move to large, vibrant cities—such as New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles—with nightlife, cultural amenities, and job opportunities. These attractions are examples of

pull factors.

If a geographer performs a study on people's perceptions of the Deep South using interviews as the primary data source, the geographer's method is

qualitative.

The size of a map's smallest discernable unit is its

resolution

stage 4 on the demographic transition model

stable population there are more deaths than births good education and hygine birth control available desire for smaller families

Conserving resources to ensure enough for future generations is called?

sustainability

conserving resourses to ensure enough for future genertations is called

sustanibiltiy

Cultural traditions, such as Christmas, are since they borrow from the past and are continually reinvented in the present.

syncretic

Cultural geography is the study of

the spatial distribution of cultural traits.

Most of the world's people live in

the world's poorest countries.

Even though some cities are far apart in terms of absolute distance, they are actually quite connected economically and socially. This is representative of

topological space.

stage 5 on the demographic transition model

total popultion is high aginign poputlion less births and more deahs overall popultion will decarease beacause of low birth rates financial independace for women

All evangelical religions are also

universal religions.

Within the United States, overall life expectancy

varies between various cohorts within the larger population.

The baby boom

was fostered by economic prosperity and relative peace.

Life expectancy has increased

worldwide.

2. Language extinction, both currently and throughout history, has been a major • concern for cultural geographers, linguists, anthropologists, and other academics. (A) What are some of the causes of language extinction? (B) What kind of repercussions exist as a result of the loss of linguistic diversity? (C) Discuss some current trends to revive endangered or extinct languages around the world.

(A) Some causes of language extinction are separation or isolation, target killing a specific ethnic group, or a language shift. (B) Language provides helpful advise to understand culture and migration patterns. Loss of linguistic diversity would cause a loss of culture because language is one of the main things that makes up a culture or even religion. (C) We could try to revive endangered languages by making sure future generations have some resources so documenting information or recording them would help maintain languages making sure none are forgotten.

Throughout history, numerous colonial powers have argued that certain types of people, living in certain areas of the world, are less able to govern themselves because of the qualities they have developed due to their interactions with natural factors, such as climate. This is an example of

(A) environmental determinism.

9. A simple trade language is called a

(A) lingua franca.

5. ____________is an excellent example of a nonevangelical, universalizing religion.

(B) Buddhism

A group of people, all of the same ethnicity, live in the same area of a city near a nuclear waste facility. This is an example of a(n)

(B) ghetto.

8. Acculturation is a common cause of

(B) language extinction.

4. The hearth and spiritual center of Islam is at

(D) Mecca.

2. In the 1990s, the United States

(D) saw dramatic changes in its ethnic composition.

7. Carrying capacity is a function of

(E) (A), (B), and (D). (A) technology. (B) natural resources. (D) limiting factors.

Scale is an extremely important concept in geography because spatial relationships appear to vary depending upon the scale at which they are measured. (A) Define scale. Discuss the relationship of scale to resolution. (B) Discuss the role of scale in interpreting geographical information.

A scale is a ratio in which the ratio of units on earth is small. Resolution is the smallest unit on the map. the Resolution determines the size of the scale. Large-scale maps may depict small areas like houses or neighborhoods. Small-scale maps cover large regions where we can see the small details like cities, rivers, islands. The electoral college is based on a state population so even though Bush has two-thirds of the states votes he was still slightly ahead.

Which of the following is an example of an individual who is not involved in a transaction but is bearing some cost?

A smoker for an example effects not only him or herself but also effecting people around them just by them breathing in the smoke.

10. According to the demographic transition model, population growth should slow down as a country becomes more developed. (A) Where is the United States according to the demographic transition model? (B) In the 1990s, the United States experienced increased population growth; explain this recent growth, and compare it to low growth patterns in other highly developed countries. 2. At the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo, Egypt in 1994, the Indian delegation claimed that population policy involved much more than limiting growth. (A) Describe India's claim that consumption of natural resources must enter global conversations on population policy. (B) Discuss the ways that population, technology, and affluence have affected the environments of three countries: Costa Rica, China, and Canada.

According to statistics the US is in stage 2 with fluctuating death rates and high birth rates. The recent growth in population is caused by decline in technology to prevent births and minimum educated people. India's claim that consumption must enter global conversation is true because if consumption overcomes how much resources is being created it can cause a problem when population is increasing. Population has affected these countries by allowing them to have control over their population because they are aware of what the outcome may be.

Consider the impacts of colonialism on the world's cultural geography. Explain how colonialism affected global patterns of language and religion, using specific examples to support your argument.

Colonialism was spread by many ways; for an example language was sometimes spread when a certain group of people or a ruler decides to take over land. They bring there language, traditions, and religion with them. Another example of language diffusion or distribution is when hearths trade, migrate, or mix together. When two groups of people with different languages meet sometimes they form a new language. The mixing of two languages is called a pidgin. Then when they form a primary language that the people speak its called a Creole. Colonialism also effects religion spread Some religions spread or implement there religions by there teachings they get such as: scrips, roles, or books; while others implement religion in sacred areas such as Palestine.

1. Geographers use the term "cultural imperialism" to describe a trend especially dominant in our current global society. (A) What is cultural imperialism? (B) Describe three global effects of the spread of Western popular culture to the rest of the world.

Cultural Imperialism is the spread or advance of ones culture at the expense of others or imposition on other cultures which it modifies, replaces, or destroys. The three global effects of the spread of Westran popular cultures are one which is the effect is placelessness; which is the loss of distinct local features in favor of standardized landscapes. Two is language extinction; which has overall accelerated because of economic globalization. Lastly three is where a language is no longer in use. The last is loss of intellectual stimulus. People may lose traditional ideas and values adopting new and improved ideas.

10. Literacy rates vary by

E) all of the above. A) sex. B) location. C) education. D) economic development.

Exponential world population growth is one of the defining characteristics of contemporary human geography. Explain this growth in terms of (A) historical trends (B) global geographic patterns (C) economic development

Economic Development has grown drastically because of the advancements in healthcare, crop fields, and a variety of factories. Global geographic patterns have shown a major overpopulation in poor areas because they do not have access to a healthy environment, healthcare, and social services. Finally historical trends that have developed growth is the empowerment of women. In certain areas women have gained more and more power by the day; lessening fertility rates and maintaining a manageable population. This plays a role in history because its when women begin to rise in change of rights and equality.

occurs when a population is adding a fixed percentage of people to a growing population each year.

Exponential growth

Which of the following map projections preserves the correct shape of Earth's landmasses?

Fuller's dymaxion

The region is a highly contested yet critical concept in the study of human geography. (A) Why and how do geographers perform the regionalization process? (B) What is regional geography? (C) Discuss the different types of regions that human geographers study, and provide an example of each type.

Geographers first pick a specific field of study then they begin to collect data based on there area of study. Then they identify the characteristics of the regions; discovering the similarities and differences. Regional geography is the study of different regions such as there characteristics, elements, similarities, and differences. The different types of regions that human geographer study are three which are Functional, Formal, and Perceptional Regions. A Functional Region is where there are social and economic relationships tying the region together; an example of that region would be the heart of Northern California's sprawling bay area. A Formal Region's specific characteristics are relatively uniform from one place to another; a region with high mountains is an example of a Formal Region. The last region is Perceptional Region which exists in the minds of people; an example would be American Deep South.

The most widespread language family on Earth is the

Indo-European.

Total fertility rate is NOT closely correlated with which of the following?

Industrial output

Peters Projection

Introduced in 1974 by Arno Peters, and focuses on keeping landmasses equal in area. As a result, the shapes are distorted, and the map looks unfamiliar to viewers

Mercator Projection

Invented by Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator for ships navigating across the Atlantic Ocean in 1569. The map is meant for direction. However, the projection distorts sizes of areas, particularly as you get closer to the North and South poles

Robinson Projection

Invented by Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator for ships navigating across the Atlantic Ocean in 1569. The map is meant for direction. However, the projection distorts sizes of areas, particularly as you get closer to the North and South poles

Topographic maps use which of the following symbols to convey change over space?

Isolines

The cultural hearth of Christianity is in

Israel.

stages 3 and 4 are where financially

LEDC-Less Economically Developed Country to a ----> to MEDC- More Economically Developed Country from stages 3 and 4 is when a less economivally developed country switches to a more economically developed country

Which of the following countries is at stage two of the demographic transition model?

Nigeria

refers to concepts that are universally applicable

Nomothetic

Preference maps are a unique type of isoline map used in human geography. (A) Use your knowledge of preference maps to describe why some places might be more attractive than others as places to live. (B) Use your knowledge of preference maps to describe why certain places may or may not be more attractive for certain cohorts.

Preference maps show the opinion of individuals living in a certain state or city. Preference maps also show peoples ideas on Environmental, social, or economic quality of life. Certain areas such as rural areas tend to be lower on the rank of attractiveness or liking. Bigger cities usually score higher because of the beaches or nice climate.

When baby boomers have reached retirement age, what will the population pyramid for the United States look like?

Relatively rectangular, with a slight bulge near the top

Technological innovations have greatly influenced the methods by which geography can be done today. (A) Describe three technological advances that have dramatically changed the capabilities of the discipline of geography. (B) List an application for each type of technology.

Remote sensing is the process of capturing images of earths surface with airplanes or satellites; with remote sensing we would detect vegetation on Earths surface. Global Positioning System is an integrated receiver that orbits Earth broadcasting location information ; with this people can stand anywhere on Earth and know there exact location. Geographic Information System is a software program that enables geographers to map, analyze, and model spatial data. This software helps us map schools, roads, beaches, ect...

Which of the following is the result of chain migration

San Francisco's Chinatown

Geography is unique from other disciplines in that it applies a spatial perspective to different phenomena and processes that occur on Earth's surface. (A) Define the spatial perspective. Include in your definition what it means to think geographically. Include descriptions of the types of data that geographers analyze. (B) Provide an example of a problem that can be solved only from a spatial perspective.

Spatial Perspective is when geographers focus on the location of something gaining a better understanding of what they are studying. I think thinking geographically means to actually analyze and get deep into something specific such as a field in education. An example of a problem that can be solved from a spatial perspective is a natural disaster such as a hurricane. People would evacuate from the damage of the disaster and then return back. The people that would be solving the problem are officials, Red Cross, federal government, ect...

A chemical plant is located close to a river and the residue from the plant sometimes drains into that river. Although this act of polluting the river is not taken into account by the firm, this "negative externality" results in:

The firms social marginal costs would be more than the firms private marginal costs.

1. Religions exhibit several different patterns for diffusing across the globe. (A) Describe the major diffusion mechanisms for two dominant world religions: Buddhism and Christianity. (B) How has the difference between how these two religions are spread affected the current distribution of these two religious traditions?

The major diffusion mechanisms for the two dominate world religons is that Chrstianity was first born in its hearth which is Palestine. The diffusion took place through relocation diffusion which is the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. This diffusion was spread by missionaries. It also spread through contagious diffusion which is the rapid widespread diffusion throughout a population. Buddhism however was mostly spread by hierarchical diffusion through an emperor. These religions also spread differently geographically Christianity was able to spread quickly through relocation diffusion by missionaries, and became a widely practiced religion all across the world. Buddhism however, was diffused mainly in Asia; so it is still practiced mostly in Asia.

Levying environmental taxes and creating cap-and-trade quotas for emissions are both methods governments may use to reduce negative externalities. Which of the following best explains the economic rationale behind these policies?The policies ____.

These Polices help recover funds to help fix the damage caused by negative externalities. Then these acts help put a financial price on social coasts. Business can then avoid going over financial and social coasts that exceed financial return.

Which of the following is true concerning regions?

They are conceptual units

Which is the most characteristic statement of a folk culture?

They have a subsistence economy.

Which of the following regions is currently experiencing the fastest population growth?

Tropical Africa

Geographic scale refers to?

a conceptual hierarchy of spaces.

. An ethnicity is defined as

a group of people who share a common identity.

a thematic layer is

a map portraying a particular feature that is used in GIS

A thematic layer is

a map portraying a particular feature that is used in a GIS.

Local Native American and African religions that teach a belief in a natural world full of spiritual beings and supernatural powers are often referred to as

animist

Stages 4 and 5

are MEDC more economicaly developed countries

Map projections attempt to correct for errors in

area, distance, shape, and direction.

Wooden shoes characteristic of the Dutch culture are an example of an

artifact.

8. Population policy usually involves limitations on

both A and B (A) fertility levels. (B) immigration levels. so E

stage 3 on the demogrpahic transtion model

both birth and death rates fall better education low infant mortality birth control less children needed to work

which of teh follwoing is teh oldest feild in geography

cartography which is the study of maps

People in London, Melbourne, Vancouver, and Mumbai all speak

different dialects.

The Mercator projections preserve?

direction

what do the stages represent in the demographic trasntion model?

each stage represents a countrys economic state

In the 1930s, thousands of "Okies" fled the Dust Bowl of the southern Great Plains and moved to the fertile agricultural regions of California to start a new life. This is an example of

eco-migration

India and China are the world's two most populous countries. While China has instituted a strict population policy, India

encourages lower fertility through education and access to family planning.

In religions, community, common history, and social relations are inextricably intertwined with spiritual beliefs.

ethnic

A rectangle-shaped population pyramid indicates a country that is

growing slowly or not at all.

Throughout human history, world population has

grown most rapidly over the last 200 years.

what is stage 1 on the demographic transition model?

high birth rates and high death rates no great population growth no education or birth control lack of hygiene large families

stage 2 on the demographic transition model

high birth rates but lowwer death rates than in stage 1 healthcare improves less infant die more transoport and medical care imporved sanitation

Millions of ____________ came to the United States during the early years of the 20th century.

immigrants

Lines of longitude

intersect at the poles.

what is the demographic transition model?

its a graph that shows change in poputlion over time