Ap human geography reading 2.1 - 2.11

Agriculture density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

True

True or false arithmetic is the most frequently used density measure.

True

True or false human beings are not distributed uniformly across earth surface.

it is the only area in the country that receives enough moisture (by irrigation by the river) to allow intensive cultivation of crops

All but 5% of Egyptians live in the nile river valley and delta because

High lands

The highest mountains in the world are steep, snow covered, and sparsely settled. however some high altitudes plateaus and mountain regions are more densely populated, especially at low latitudes (near equator) where agriculture is possible at high elevations

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. Rate of natural increase affects this.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

lower than the actual rate for all developed countries

combo Cdr for all developing countries is

understand the capacity to yield enough food for the needs of the people

comparing physiological and arithmetic densities help geographers

Malthus thesis

contemporary geographers are divided on the validity on

natural

country's growth rate excludes migration

Technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people

developed countries have lower agriculture densities because

Arithmetic Density

Geographers mostly use

the 2 pieces of info total population and total land area are easy to obtain.

Geographers rely on arithmetic density to compare conditions in different countries because

migration

element of population change

Natural Increase Rate (NIR), crude birth rate (cbr), crude death rate (cdr)

geographers most frequently measure population change in a country or world as a whole three measures

Sub-Saharan Africa , Europe

highest cbr are in and lowest are in

size of population rather land area, and countries with population over 100 million are labeled.

in cartogram countries are displayed by

europe

includes 4 dozen countries ranging from Monaco, with 1 square kilometer(.7 square miles) and a population of 33,000 to Russia the world largest country in land area when its asian parts is included in contrast to the 3 asian concentrations, 3/4 of Europe inhabitants live in cities, and fewer than 10% are farmers. highest population concentrations in europe are near the major rivers and the coalfields of Germany and Belgium, as well as historic capital cities such as London and Paris.

South Asia

india, pakistan, Bangladesh, and island of Sri Lanka. one fourth of world people live in this region. largest concentration of ppl within the s Asia lives along a 1,500 kilometer (900miles) corridor from Lahore, Pakistan, thru India and Bangladesh to bay of Bengal. Much of this area population is concentrated along the plains of the indus and Ganges rivers. population is concentrated near India's two long coastlines the Arabian Sea to the west and the bay of bengal to the east. Like the Chinese most people in s Asia are farmers living in rural areas.

arable land

land suited for agriculture (farmable land)

population would increase faster than other resources.

malthus prediction

clustered in developing cities

more than 95% of the natural increase is

an NIR of essentially 0 and earths population was unchanged at perhaps half-million

most humanity several hundred thousand year occupancy of earth was characterized by

regional differences in NIR

most of the world additional ppl live in countries that are least able to maintain them

wet lands

Lands that receive very high levels of precipitation, located primarily near the equator, may also be inhospitable for human occupation. The combination of rain and heat rapidly depletes nutrients from the soil and thus hinders agriculture

eastern North America and Western Africa

Largest population concentration are

cold lands

Much of the land near the North and South poles is perpetually covered with ice or the ground is permanently frozen (permafrost). The polar regions are unsuitable for planting crops, few animals can survive the extreme cold, and few humans live there.

fewer inhabitants

Physical environments that are too wet, dry,cold, and mountainous tend to have

births and deaths

natural increase derived from

density

number of people occupying an area

low-lying areas with fertile soil suitable for agriculture and temperate climate

Population concentration occupy generally

Southeast Asia

-600 million people live in Southeast Asia -indonesia 13677 islands 4th most populous country -Most concentrated on island java inhabited by more than 100 million ppl mostly on series of islands that lie btw Indian and pacific o. several islands that belong to the Philippines contain high population concentrations and population is also clustered along several river valleys and deltas at the southeastern tip of asian mainland known as Indochina. concentration characterized by a high percentage of ppl working as farmers in rural areas.

East Asia

1/4 of world people live in e Asia. bordering pacific o, includes eastern china, islands of Japan, Korean peninsula, island of Taiwan. People republic of china is most populous country and 4th largest country in land area. Chinese pop. is clustered near pacific coast and several fertile river valleys which extend inland, though much of china's interior is sparsely inhabited mountains and deserts. more than one-half live in rural areas. work as farmers. More than three fourths of all Japanese and Koreans are clustered in urban areas and work at industrial or service.

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe which is population concentration

4 regions two-thirds of the world's inhabitants are clustered in

Population Cartogram

A cartogram depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area, usually most maps

dry lands

Areas too dry for farming cover approximately 20% of Earth's land surface. desert lacks water to grow crops that could feed a large population, some survive by tasing animals (camels) that are adapted to the climate. Dry lands contain natural resources useful to people like lands oil reserves.

20 babies are born over a 1 year period

CBR of 30 means that for every 1000 ppl in a country,

nir and cbr

Cdr does not follow the same regional pattern as

Sparsely Populated Regions

Humans do not live in large numbers in certain physical environments

Sub-Saharan Africa, whereas it is negative in Europe, meaning that in the absence of immigrants, population is actually declining

NIR exceeds 2.0 % in most countries of

demographic transition stage 3

Rapidly declining CBR Moderately declining CDR Moderate NIR in developed countries 100 years ago ppl choosing to have fewer children because of part a delayed reaction to the decline in mortality in stage 2 and in part because of large family is no longer an economic assets when families move from farm to cities. some developing countries has moved into the stage because of where strong gov. policies discourage large families.

demographic transition stage 2

Still high CBR Rapidly declining CDR Very high NIR in developed countries 200 years ago because of industrial revolution generated wealth and technology, some which was used to make communities healthier place to live in developing countries 50 years ago because transfer of penicillin, vaccines, insecticides, and other medicines from developed countries controlled infectious disease such as malaria and tuberculosis

demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.. sows country population. every country is one of 4 stages.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. expressed the annual number of death per 1000 population.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.

Arithmetic density (population density)

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Population Clusters

The world can be divided into 7 regions, each containing approximately 1 billion people ex small size of Asia regions shows large number of world inhabitants living there

divide the population by the land area

To comute arithmetic density

other density measures are more useful

To explain why people are not uniformly distributed across earth surface

demographic transition stage 1

Very high CBR Very high CDR Very low NIR stage for most of human history because of unpredicted food supply, as well as war and disease. During most of the stage people depended on hunting and gathering for food a region population increased when food was easily obtained and declined when it is not. No country remains today in this stage.

demographic transition stage 4

Very low CBR Low, slightly increasing CDR 0 or negative NIR in some developed countries in recent years. Increased access to birth control methods, as well as increased number of women working in the labor force outside the home, induce families to choose to have fewer children. as fewer women remain at home as full time home makers, they are less likely to be available for full time care of young children. people who have access to a wider variety of birth control methods are most likely to use some of them.

Malthus, Thomas

Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. This is important because he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population.

exceed 10 billion instead of 7 billion. in 2100 we would of have a population of 50 billion.

When NIR was 2.2 % in 1963, doubling time was 35 years. Had the 2.2 % rate continued into 21 century, earth population would currently

for economic difference btw countries

agriculture density helps account

Polar regions ex

angmagssalik, Greenland

where (question)

arithmetic density answers the

compare the total number of people living on a given piece of land in different regions of the world.

arithmetic density enables geographers to

1 -10 of 1 percent can produce very large swings in population growth

as base continues to grow in 21 century, a change of

75 million people

being added to the world annually

meaningful population measure than arithmetic density

physiological density provides more

natural increase and migration

population of a place changes due to

demographic transition

population of different countries are at various stages in an important process known as

some argue that stage 5 exists.

process consist of 4 stages, but

Arithmetic Density

the total number of objects in an area

Geographers examine a country physiological and agricultural densities together.

to understanding relationship btw population and resources in a country

population of the world has been growing each year by 1.2 %

twenty first century NIR 1.2 which means

produce a significant different amount of surplus food because of different economic conditions

two countries can have similar physiological densities but

Arithmetic density, physiological density, and agriculture density

what three types of densities are an example of measures of population density that geographers use to describe the distribution of people in comparison to available resources

high by historical standards

world NIR is lower today than its all time peak of 2.2 % in 1963 and its declined since 1990's. However, the NIR during the second half of the twentieth century was

distribution of nir

world map of cbr mirrors the