AP Lang Study Set #6
𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐈 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐩") 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬?
It elaborates on a term to avoid a potential misunderstanding.
𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬?
While representation is important, role models can be highly valuable to people who are not identical to them.
𝐈𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 "𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭" 𝐚𝐧𝐝 "𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡" 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐲
belief that the expectation reflects unrealistic demands
𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐚 . . . 𝐮𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝") 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨
connect the author's insights about her professional life to her broader experiences as a person with cerebral palsy
𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐲-𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞 "𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬𝐧'𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐥𝐞" 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲
emphasizing that elite black women athletes achieve success through talent and hard work
𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐞𝐫 "𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟏𝟐) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐫 "𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐞" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟏𝟓) 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐨
illustrate how her sense of solidarity with the gymnasts is unconstrained by physical differences
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐦" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝟏-𝟑) 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨
immediately direct attention to her mental world and perceptions
𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞?
A spate of high-profile athletic achievements that she finds inspiring
𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝐝𝐨 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠?
Amplify the significance of a comparison by making, then qualifying, an absolute claim
𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
a series of comparisons between herself and the athletes she admires
𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨
convey a sense of skepticism about an idea that is described