AP Psych Midterm #6

Our short-term memory span is approximately ________ items. A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 10

C

Retroactive interference involves the disruption of A) automatic processing. B) iconic memory. C) memory retrieval. D) semantic encoding. E) echoic memory.

C

Semantic encoding refers to the processing of A) sounds. B) meanings. C) visual images. D) unfamiliar units. E) touch sensations.

B

Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in A) storage. B) encoding. C) rehearsal. D) retrieval. E) automatic processing.

D

. "The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory. A) short-term B) explicit C) flashbulb D) implicit E) sensory

A

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as A) the spacing effect. B) the serial position effect. C) mood-congruent memory. D) chunking. E) automatic processing.

A

Lars was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Lars is likely to recall best the contents of that chapter when he is A) depressed. B) happy. C) relaxed. D) unemotional. E) excited.

A

Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for A) chunking. B) rehearsal. C) implicit memory. D) automatic processing. E) priming.

A

Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of A) the spacing effect. B) implicit memory. C) acoustic encoding. D) chunking. E) state-dependent memory.

C

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called A) state-dependent memory. B) retroactive interference. C) the serial position effect. D) the spacing effect. E) proactive interference.

E

Which of the following is believed to be the biological basis for learning and memory? A) priming B) chunking C) semantic encoding D) proactive interference E) long-term potentiation

E

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory. A) iconic B) flashbulb C) implicit D) echoic E) state-dependent

A

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is A) essentially unlimited. B) roughly equal to seven units of information. C) typically much greater in young children than in adults. D) greatly reduced after people reach the age of 65. E) enhanced through hypnosis.

A

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in A) encoding. B) storage. C) retrieval. D) implicit memory. E) iconic memory.

A

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect. A) serial position B) misinformation C) mnemonic D) priming E) spacing

A

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect. A) serial position B) misinformation C) next-in-line D) priming E) spacing

A

Chunking refers to A) getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery. B) the organization of information into meaningful units. C) the unconscious encoding of incidental information. D) the tendency to recall best the first item in a list. E) the combined use of automatic and effortful processing to ensure the retention of unfamiliar information.

B

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called A) sensory memories. B) flashbulb memories. C) mood-congruent memories. D) repressed memories. E) semantic memories.

B

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________. A) recognition; relearning B) recall; recognition C) recall; relearning D) relearning; recall E) recognition; rehearsal

B

In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as A) priming. B) rehearsal. C) the peg-word system. D) chunking. E) the serial position effect.

B

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory. A) repressed memory B) sensory memory C) flashbulb memory D) long-term memory E) semantic memory

B

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates A) iconic memory. B) semantic encoding. C) automatic processing. D) proactive interference. E) the serial position effect.

B

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of A) encoding failure. B) source amnesia. C) retroactive interference. D) proactive interference. E) automatic processing.

C

An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized? A) recall B) relearning C) recognition D) misinformation E) reconstruction

C

Being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think of nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of: A) priming. B) memory construction. C) mood-congruent memory. D) retrieval failure. E) repression.

C

Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory. A) proactive B) procedural C) explicit D) implicit E) iconic

C

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________. A) short-term memory; long-term memory B) explicit memory; implicit memory C) visual stimulation; auditory stimulation D) automatic processing; effortful processing E) flashbulb memory; implicit memory

C

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items A) at the beginning of the list. B) at the end of the list. C) in the middle of the list. D) at the beginning and in the middle of the list. E) at the middle and the end of the list.

C

The process of getting information into memory is called A) priming. B) chunking. C) encoding. D) registering. E) storing.

C

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory. A) sensory B) state-dependent C) long-term D) flashbulb E) implicit

C

A mnemonic device is a A) sensory memory. B) test or measure of memory. C) technique for automatic processing. D) memory aid. E) word, event, or place that triggers a memory of the past.

D

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates A) retroactive interference. B) priming. C) source amnesia. D) proactive interference. E) repression.

D

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially A) slow and subsequently stays slow. B) slow and subsequently speeds up. C) rapid and subsequently stays rapid. D) rapid and subsequently slows down. E) steady and subsequently speeds up.

D

Employing the single word "HOMES" to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of: A) the "peg-word" system. B) the method of loci. C) the serial position effect. D) a mnemonic device. E) implicit memory.

D

Iconic memory refers to A) the encoded meanings of words and events in short-term memory. B) photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second. C) the effortlessly processed incidental information about the timing and frequency of events. D) the visually encoded images in long-term memory. E) important events often encoded through flashbulb memory.

D

Memory for skills is called: A) explicit memory. B) declarative memory. C) episodic memory. D) implicit memory.

D

Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates A) iconic memory. B) the spacing effect. C) implicit memory. D) a recency effect. E) automatic processing

D

The misinformation effect refers to the A) tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. B) disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. C) the eerie sense that "I've been in this exact situation before." D) incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event. E) negative effect of incorrect information on recall.

D

The process of getting information out of memory is called A) priming. B) encoding. C) relearning. D) retrieval. E) rehearsal.

D

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that A) omitted some of the most painful aspects of the event. B) were more accurate than the memories of observers who had not been immediately questioned about what they saw. C) were influenced by whether Loftus and Palmer identified themselves as police officers. D) portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been. E) demonstrated repression of significant aspects of the accident.

D