AP Psych ~ Unit 5 MC

The idea that language develops because of an inborn tendency to learn the grammar rules of language was proposed by...

a. Wernicke

Meloni's new friend from another state just gave her his phone number. As she goes to enter the number into her contacts list she finds that she cannot remember all the numbers to their right order. Which of the following is the best explanation for this failure?

a. being 10 digits long, the number is beyond Miller's "magic number."

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

a. chunking

The mental activity is associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing is called...

a. cognition

Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being affected by...

a. confirmation bias

Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic?

a. deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerd

The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to...

a. predict how children would do in school

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory?

a. what time you had lunch yesterday

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

b. a rapid initial decline following by a leveling off

A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n)...

b. algorithm

The prefix "pre" in "preview" or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of...

b. morphemes

Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability--for example, to make complex calculations. These people have...

b. savant syndrome

According to most experts, intelligence tests are not biased because

b. the tests do a pretty good job of predicting what they are supposed to predict

Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

b. using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs

Heritability of intelligence refers to...

c. the amount to which the quality of schools and other environmental factors determine intelligence

Miller's "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to...

c. the capacity of short-term memory

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is best described as follows:

c. these synaptic changes allow for more efficient transfer of information

What is the benefit of standardizing an intelligence test?

c. to provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group

Which of the following is a longitudinal study?

e. a group of kindergartners is given an intelligence test. they are retested every other year for 30 years

Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that...

e. both stress and emotion make events more memorable

The Flynn effect refers to the...

e. gradual increase in average intelligence score of the general population over the last several decades

Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence?

e. inventing emotions

What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees lower than the actual temperature?

e. it is reliable but not valid

According to Noam Chomsky, language acquisition occurs most especially because of...

e. linguistic determinism

By waiting until the last minute to study for an exam, you are using an unrecommended strategy called...

e. massed practice

Which of the following statements concerning memory is true?

e. memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information

Alice significantly underestimated how long it would take to write her term paper because of...

e. overconfidence

If Laine is able to tell when her husband is upset by noticing subtle changes in his facial expressions, she might be said to have a high degree of...

a. emotional intelligence

Scott gets soaked in the rainstorm because he does not think of using his backpack to shield himself from the rain. Which barrier to problem solving is evidenced here?

a. fixation

Charles Spearman's g refers to...

a. general intelligence

Researchers studying the effects of genes on intelligence have found that...

a. intelligence is affected by many genes working together

According to Carol Dweck, students are often hampered by a "fixed mindset." This means they believe:

a. intelligence is biologically set and unchangeable

You are more likely to remember happy memories when you are presently happy than when you are sad due to...

a. mood congruence

Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve shows that...

a. most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

Which of the following provides the best evidence that race is more of a social construct than a biological category?

a. people of varying ancestry may categorize themselves as having the same sex

Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have...

a. predictive validity

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case a robin is people's ____ for a bird.

a. prototype

If a test yields consistent results upon retesting, it can be said to have a high degree of...

a. reliability

The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information...

a. semantically

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

a. thinking about how the words relate to your own life

People are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below...

b. 70

Which of the following best represents crystallized intelligence?

b. Grandpa Milt is good at crossword puzzles

John has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat that he sits in during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. If he is properly prepared for each exam, then ____ may explain his difference in scores.

b. context effects

According to Charles Spearman and others, ____ underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

b. general intelligence (g)

Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?

b. how language determines thinking

The original formula for a child's intelligence quotient compared a child's...

b. mental age to his or her chronological age

Eighteen-month-old Becca is in the telegraphic speech phase. Which of the following best represents something she might say?

c. "Katie fall"

If approached on the street by a stranger and asked to make a guess about their IQ score, your best guess would be...

c. 100

Which of the following individuals would best represent our understanding of fluid versus crystallized intelligence?

c. Alice is 25 and has discovered a new chemical element

Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

c. Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

c. Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago

Which of the following is the best example of an aptitude test?

c. Sherjeel takes the ACT for college admission

Intellectual disability is defined by both IQ and which of the following?

c. adaptive ability

An intelligence test that asks a person how many users they can think of for a golf ball is most likely testing a person's ____ intelligence.

c. creative

Your teachers asks how many users you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your...

c. divergent thinking

Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more desirable way?

c. framing

Carl damaged his cerebellum in a car accident. As a result, he would have the most trouble remembering...

c. how to ride his therapy bike

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as...

c. measurement is to prediction

Which of the following is one of Robert Sternberg's types of intelligence?

c. practical intelligence

Mave got a new car with the license plate "MAVNUM1." She is asked by the school parking clerk what her number is but can only remember her old one, "VANMOM1." Her inability to remember her new late is most likely due to...

c. proactive interference

Which of the following is an example of the serial position effect?

c. remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list, but not the items in the middle

Victor is blind, unable to speak, and understands very few words. He is, however, able to hear a piece of music once and play it back flawlessly on the piano. Victor's abilities best represent someone with...

c. savant syndrome

Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?

c. what you ate for breakfast this morning

In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'...

c. working memory

Hal scored an 89 on an intelligence test when he was 16. Now, at age 56, he is interested in what his score would be as an adult. The score he is most likely to earn on the new test would be...

d. 129

The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by...

d. David Wechsler

Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

d. Stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened

If the scores on an intelligence test form a normal curve with a standard deviation of 15, ...

d. a + b only are true

Which of the following is true of the mental similarities between adoptive children and their adoptive parents over time?

d. adoptive children become slightly less similar to their adoptive parents over time

Thom still believes that the congresswomen is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is now experiencing...

d. belief perseverance

What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

d. cerebellum and basal ganglia

Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

d. convergent thinking

Heritability relates to the...

d. extent to which variability among individuals' intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic variation

People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?

d. framing

Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of creativity?

d. incubation

In the word "prepare," each "r" can be considered a...

d. phoneme

Suzanne gets a new phone number. Each time she tries to give someone the new number, she gives her old one instead. The fact that her old number is causing difficulty in her remembering of the new one is an example of...

d. proactive interference

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

d. recall

A test developer defines uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. Which of the following best describes this process?

d. standardization

Research on the role of amygdala in memory has found that...

d. the amygdala help make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses

There is a greater correlation between the IQ scores of identical twins raised together than for fraternal twins raised together. What conclusion can be drawn from this data?

d. there is a genetic effect on intelligence

A phoneme, such as the "c" in cows, is best described as a...

d. unit of sound in a language

Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?

e. Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

e. availability heuristic

Which of the following is true of boys compared with girls?

e. boys are more likely to be represented among those scoring extremely low as well as those scoring extremely high on tests of mental abilities

Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

e. creativity

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad's teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

e. encoding failure

Which of the following can be used to demonstrate that only about 2 percent of the population scores at least two standard deviations above the mean on an intelligence test?

e. normal curve

When asked to think of a "desk," many students think of the desks in their classroom rather than a large desk used by an executive. This illustrates that their school desks have formed their ____ of a desk.

e. prototype

Regarding therapist-guided "recovered" memories of sexual abuse in infancy, which statement best represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

e. since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 4, memories from the first 4 years of life are not reliable