AP Psych Unit 5 Practice Test

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

E) LSD.

Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?

E) caffeine

Consciousness is

E) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

E) physical growth.

Alpha waves are associated with

E) relaxed but awake state.

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

8) barbiturates

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

8) depressants.

Research indicates that alcohol

8) disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories.

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

A) LSD

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar 10 those of

A) Stage 1 sleep.

Dissociation refers to

A) a state of divided consciousness.

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

A) barbiturates.

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

A) circadian rhythm.

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

A) distracting attention.

Slow-wave sleep promotes

A) effective memory.

The best predictor of an adolescent's pattern of drug usage is whether the adolescent

A) has close friends who use drugs.

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its content.

A) manifest

The, the active ingredient in ___________ , is classified as a ________________ .

A) marijuana; hallucinogen

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

A) melatonin

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

A) night terrors.

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

A) physical dependence

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

A) sleep apnea.

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

A) strongly expect that they can be hypnotized.

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

A) the cessation of breathing during sleep.

Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that

B) conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds.

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

B) conscious role-playing.

One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is

B) dehydration.

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

B) dissociation.

Research suggests that an important factor contributing to drug abuse by youth and young adults is

B) feeling that one's life is meaningless.

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

B) fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day.

LSD is most likely to produce

B) hallucinations.

Hypnosis involves a state of

B) heightened openness to suggestion.

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

B) hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

B) individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josefs unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible _________ content of Josefs dream.

B) latent

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the _______during REM sleep.

B) limbic system

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

B) obesity.

Near-death experiences are

B) often accompanied by visions of bright lights.

Morphine and heroin are

B) opiates.

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

B) posthypnotic suggestion.

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

B) the participant was caught up in playing the role of a "good hypnotic subject" and ignored the pain.

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?

C) Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

C) As sleep progresses, Stage 3 and Stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases.

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

C) Ecstasy

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

C) It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

C) REM sleep.

Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. An understanding of Mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by

C) a biopsychosocial approach.

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by

C) a good night's sleep.

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

C) addiction.

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated _ approach.

C) biopsychosocial

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

C) delta waves.

Alcohol is considered a(n)

C) depressant.

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

C) diminish immunity to disease.

People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

C) dissociation.

Like his father, Martin has been abusing alcohol for many years. Using the biopsychosocial approach in helping him understand his behavior, psychologists would

C) examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on his alcohol use.

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

C) feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

Traffic accident rates have been found to after the spring change to daylight savings time and to after the fall change back to standard time.

C) increase; decrease

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

C) our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

C) people are more likely to dream of failure than of success.

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

C) physical dependence.

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called drugs.

C) psychoactive

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

C) psychoactive drugs.

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

C) psychological dependence

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

C) sleep spindles.

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

C) withdrawal.

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

D) In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

D) Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

D) LSD.

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

D) People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

D) REM sleep.

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

D) REM sleep.

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

D) They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.

Which of the following is true of night terrors?

D) They typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.

Research has shown that having an identical rather than a fraternal twin with alcohol dependence puts one at an increased risk for alcohol problems. This finding suggests that

D) alcohol abuse may be significantly influenced by genetics.

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

D) are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

D) dreaming

Research has indicated that hypnosis

D) enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia.

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

D) hallucinations.

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that

D) humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep.

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

D) hypnagogic sensations.

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

D) insomnia.

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

D) its underlying but censored meaning.

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of as one of the most dangerous of drugs.

D) methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

D) methamphetamine

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

D) nicotine

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

D) physical dependence.

Drug tolerance refers to the

D) reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

D) social influence theory.

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

D) social influence.

REM rebound involves the

D) tendency for REM steep to increase following REM steep deprivation.

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

D) tolerance.

Margie insists that she never dreams, bul her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

D) wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming.

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

e) amphetamines

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

B) 90 minutes.

Which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories?

B) The combine fact and fiction.

Circadian rhythm refers to

B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, teday's hypnosis researchers are using a unified approach.

B) biopsychosocial

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

B) blocking the reuptake of dopamine.

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

B) cocaine.

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

B) cocaine.