ap psych unit 5 test

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

REM sleep; stage 4 sleep

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

REM; stage 4

Sleeptalking may occur during

any stage of sleep

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves

Alcohol is considered a(n)

depressant

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

dissociation

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

distracting attention

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

Slow-wave sleep promotes

effective memory

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

The best predictor of an adolescent's pattern of drug usage is whether the adolescent

has close friends who use drugs

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep

is for making memories

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

it is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

its underlying but censored meaning

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.

latent

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; hallucinogen

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

melatonin

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our enviornment

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

physical dependence

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive drugs

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

psychological dependence

Alpha waves are associated with

relaxed but awake state

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more

self-conscious

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

sleep apnea

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during

slow-wave sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly except that they can be hypnotized

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

REM rebound involves the

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

the circadian rhythm

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

they excite neural activity and arouse body functions

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections