AP Psychology Chapter 2: Test Review

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n) a. ACh antagonist. b. dopamine antagonist. c. ACh agonist. d. dopamine agonist.

a. ACh antagonist.

The venom of the black widow spider causes violent muscle contractions by flooding synapses with a. ACh. b. GABA. c. dopamine. d. adrenaline.

a. ACh.

If Mia stepped on a nail, which of the following would be the correct order of communication for her to feel the pain? a. Stimulus-electrical impulse-neurotransmitter-receptor site b. Electrical impulse-stimulus-receptor site-neurotransmitter c. Receptor site-nerotransmitter-electrical impulse-stimulus d. Stimulus-electrical impulse-receptor site-neurotransmitter e Electrical impulse-receptor site-stimulus-neurotransmitter

a. Stimulus-electrical impulse-neurotransmitter-receptor site

Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history? a. frontal lobes b. limbic system c. brainstem d. corpus callosum

c. brainstem

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her a. amygdala. b. hypothalamus. c. cerebellum. d. corpus callosum.

c. cerebellum.

While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different a. neurotransmitters. b. reticular formations. c. neural networks. d. limbic systems.

C. Neural networks

The process by which a tiny electrical current is generated whne the positive sodium ions rush insdie the axon, causing the inside of the axon to reverse its charge, is called: a. action potential b. ion potential c. resting state d. synaptic state e. negative potential

a. action potential

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body. a. away from; toward b. away from; away from c. toward; away from d. toward; toward

a. away from; toward

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine. a. low; low b. high; high c. low; high d. high; low

a. low; low

Speech is processed primarily in the right hemisphere by the ________ of those who are left-handed and by the ________ of those who are right-handed. a. minority; minority b. majority; majority c. minority; majority d. majority; minority

a. minority; minority

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and _______ blood sugar levels. a. raises; raises b. lowers; lowers c. raises; lowers d. lowers; raises

a. raises; raises

The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of an entire cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of a. neural prosthetics. b. phrenology. c. plasticity. d. ACh antagonists.

c. plasticity.

Which of the following neurotransmitters most closely resembles the affects alcohol has on the nervous system? a. Anandaminde b. GABA c. Dopamine d. Acetylcholine e. Serotonin

b. GABA

What is the job of the sodium pump? a. It separates positive ions and places them all inside the axon. b. It is responsible for keeping the axon charged by returning and keeping sodium ions outside the axon membrane c. It generates an electrical current when the positive ions rush into the axon. d. It generates an electrical current when the negative ions into the neuron. e. It is a neural impulse that transfers negative ions into the neuron.

b. It is responsible for keeping the axon charged by returning and keeping sodium ions outside the axon membrane

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to a. insomnia. b. alcohol dependence. c. schizophrenia. d. Parkinson's disease.

b. alcohol dependence.

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to a. insomnia. b. alcoholism. c. schizophrenia. d. Parkinson's disease.

b. alcoholism.

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n) a. opiate. b. antagonist. c. glutamate. d. agonist.

b. antagonist.

A neuron is best described as a(n) a. ion. b. cell. c. lobe. d. molecule.

b. cell.

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking? a. occipital b. frontal c. temporal d. parietal

b. frontal

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments? a. occipital lobes b. frontal lobes c. temporal lobes d. parietal lobes

b. frontal lobes

The vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are a. stem cells. b. interneurons. c. motor neurons. d. sensory neurons.

b. interneurons.

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors. a. autonomic nervous system b. left cerebral hemisphere c. somatic nervous system d. right cerebral hemisphere

b. left cerebral hemisphere

Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a a. hemispheretomy. b. severed spinal cord. c. split brain. d. reward deficiency syndrome.

b. severed spinal cord.

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the a. axon. b. synaptic gap. c. glial cell. d. endocrine glands.

b. synaptic gap.

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the a. axon terminals. b. synaptic gaps. c. glial cells. d. endocrine glands.

b. synaptic gaps.

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n) a. MRI. b. PET scan. c. EEG. d. brain lesion.

c. EEG.

Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations? a. a brain lesion b. an interneuron c. a PET scan d. a hemispherectomy

c. a PET scan

Botulin blocks the release of ACH. Botulin is best described as a(n) a. opiate. b. glutimate. c. antagonist. d. neurotransmitter.

c. antagonist.

Which of the following functions best explains the role of the sympathetic nervous system? a. preparing the body for a traumatic event b. returning the body to equilibrium c. preparing the body for "fight or flight" d. maintaining the body's vital functions e. maintaining homeostasis

c. preparing the body for "fight or flight"

Another name for the cell body of the neuron is: a. dendrite b. myelin c. soma d. axon e. synaptic vesicle

c. soma

If an action potential starts at the beginning of an axon, the action potential will continue at the same speed o the very end of the axon. This concept is known as: a. Nerve impulse b. synapse c. resting state d. all-or-none law e. sodium pump

d. all-or-none law

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as a. the amygdala. b. reward centers. c. the reticular formation. d. association areas.

d. association areas.

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls a. speech production. b. thinking and memory. c. movement of the arms and legs. d. bladder contractions.

d. bladder contractions.

Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called a. ACh agonists. b. dendrites. c. morphene antagonists. d. endorphins.

d. endorphins.

Which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing? a. insulin b. cortisol c. oxytocin d. epinephrine

d. epinephrine

The endocrine system consists of a. association areas. b. neural networks. c. interneurons. d. glands.

d. glands.

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the a. thalamus. b. amygdala. c. hippocampus. d. hypothalamus.

d. hypothalamus.

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by a. plasticity. b. memory loss. c. auditory hallucinations. d. irritability.

d. irritability.

Which part of the neuron serves as the protective coating? a. axon b. dendrite c. synapse d. myelin sheath e. cell body

d. myelin sheath

Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates a. hemispherectomy. b. tomography. c. neural prosthetics. d. plasticity.

d. plasticity.

In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes. a. lowers; dilates b. raises; contracts c. lowers; contracts d. raises; dilates

d. raises; dilates

The peripheral nervous system consists of a. association areas. b. the spinal cord. c. the reticular formation. d. sensory and motor neurons.

d. sensory and motor neurons.

Neurons that carry information away from the spinal cord to produce responses in carious muscles or organs throughout the body are called: a. afferent neurons b. interneurons c. neurotransmitters d. sensor neurons e. efferent neurons

e. efferent neurons