AP Psychology Chapter 7

Working Memory

conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual - spatial information, and of information retrieved from long term memory

Parallel Processing

doing many things at once

Deep Processing

encodes semantically, based on actual meaning associated with the word Example - definitions Connect it to something meaningful or related to your own personal, emotional experiences

Shallow Processing

encoding information on basic auditory or visual levels, based on the sound, structure, or appearance of a word Example - cool fonts

Source Misattribution

forgetting or miscalling the source of a memory

Mnemonics

memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organized devices Example - R O Y G B I V

Explicit Memory

memory of facts and experiences that one consciously knows and 'declares'

Storage Decay

natural forgetting over time

Automatic Processing

non conscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information such as word meanings Example - how you learned how to not put your hand in a fire

Interference

other memories getting in the way

Episodic

tied to specifically to certain episodes of your life Example - 'remember when...'

Retrieval Cues

trail of bread crumbs leading back to a particular memory Our states and emotions can also act as retrieval cues

Imagery

we more easily remember concrete words, which lead themselves to visual mental images

Recall

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier Example- fill in the blank tests

Implicit Memory

retention independent of conscious recollection Example - stuff you don't have to actively concentrate on, classically conditioned associations (sweating when going to the dentist because you had a root canal last year)

Procedural Memory

how we remember to do things Example - riding a bike, reading Difficult to do at first but can be done eventually without thinking about it

Recognition

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned Example - multiple choice tests

Relearning

a measure of memory that asses the amount of time saved when learned material again Example - studying information you have forgotten

Retrieval failure

inability to pull out memories from long term memory

Misinformation Effect

incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event ELIZABETH LOFTUS

Chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically Example - phone numbers 867-5309

Serial Position Effect

our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list Example - forgetting a grocery list

Long-Term Potential (LTP)

prolonged strengthening of potential neural firing. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

Retroactive Interference

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information Example - studying spanish may interfere with the french you already learned

Proactive Interference

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information Example - changing a password but keeping recalling the old one

Visual Encoding

the encoding of picture images