AP Psychology Chapter 7

Individuals who amazingly developed skill despite their mental handicap are referred to as A) mentally challenged B) savants C) geniuses D) thriving in emotional intelligence E). None of the above

B

Long- term memory is thought to have A) a limited capacity of approximately 1,000 items B) an unlimited capacity C) a large chunking capacity D) a repressed capacity E) a seven- item capacity

B

Mnemonics are methods for A) Repressing memories that are too painful to remember B) encoding information by associating it with information already in LTM C) retrieving information that has already been stored in LTM D) reducing the bias we sometimes experience when storing memories E) enhancing our ability to detect sensory information

B

After the outcome is known, people often have distorted thinking about their original expectations due to A) confirmation bias B) hindsight bias C) representativness heuristic D) availability heuristic E) their prototypes

B

If George was trying to remember information for his Biology exam and he has encoded the information correctly but cannot remember it after two days, there may be a problem with ____________. A) retrieval B) elaboration C) storage D) rehearsal E) sensory memory

C

If you keep accidentally calling your new girlfriend your old girlfriends name, you are experiencing A) misattribution B) encoding specificity C) proactive interference D) repression E) transience

C

If your mom reminds you to pick up your little brother from soccer practice, and then your friend calls causing you to forget to pick up your brother, you would be said to be experiencing A) absent mindedness B) blocking C) transience D) misattribution E) bias

C

If your psychology instructor asks you to provide a definition of assimilation, she is asking you to answer a ___________ question. A) Implicit memory B) Recognition C) Recall D) Memory Trace E) Procedural Memory

C

Megan is a cheerleader at your highs school she is always happy and outgoing and you assume that the rest of the cheerleaders act much the smart way this potentially false belief is an example of A) Confirmation bias B) hindsight bias C) representative bias D) algorithm E) backward thinking

C

Place the following stages regarding language development in the correct order A) babbling, one-word, telegraphic, two-word B) one-word, babbling, two-word, telegraphic C) babbling, one-word, two-word, telegraphic D) babbling, two-word, one-word, telegraphic E) one-word, two-word, babbling, telegraphic

C

Retrograde amnesia involves ___________ and is induced by ____________. A) Memory distortion; Meditation B) The loss of prior memory traces; head trauma C) The inability to transfer into LTM; head trauma D) The failure of semantic memory; abuse of alcohol E) The inability to transfer into LTM; cortical damage

C

Sperling's study involving recall of an array of letters suggested that the actual capacity of sensory memory is A) Two or three items B) Seven (plus or minus two) items C) Limitless D) Nine or more items E) About seven chunks

C

When you try to relate psychological terms you are learning in class to personal examples from your life. You are using A) the phonological loop B) the method of Loci C) Chunking D) Elaborative rehearsal E) maintenance rehearsal

D

If Ellie, who is 2 1/2 years old says "Cookie Me Now", she is demonstrating A) telegraphic speech B) one-word speech C) two- word speech D) babbling E) overegularization

A

The most representative example of a category is called a(n) A) prototype B) schema C) availability heuristic D) algorithm E) mental set

A

Working Memory involves activity in circuits located with the _________ of the brain. A) Occipital Lobe B) Parietal Lobe C) Cerebellum D) Corpus Callosum E) Prefrontal Cortex

E

Your ability to remember where you were the morning of Sept. 11, 2001 is an example of a(n) A) Flashbulb memory B) Semantic memory C) Procedural memory D) implicit memory E) sensory memory

A

_________ occurs when memories are retrievable, but they are associated with the wrong time, place or person A)Misattribution B) Interference C) Bias D) Priming E) Repression

A

_________was the first to hypothesize that people form cognitive maps of their environment to help guide their actions toward certain goals. A) Edward Tolman B) John Von Neumann C) Noam Chomsky D) George Sperling E) Bob Greene

A

A person who is a fine guitar player would be said to have a(n) ___________ for it A) schema B) prototype C) aptitude D) algorithm E) divergence

C

A heuristic is best described as a A) rule of thumb B) step by step procedure C) time- consuming process that guarantees success D) schema E) categorization process form general to specific

A

Consider the following concept hierarchy-food, desserts, chocolates, __________. The last term should be A) brownies B)vanilla ice cream C) main courses D) side dishes E) edible food

A

I think that all librarians are middle aged women with cardigan sweaters, glasses, and a bun. If I meet a librarian who fulfills these exceptions, it would reinforce my A) schema B) heuristic C)script D) artificial concept E) all of the above

A

Leon is an architect, he has been plotting out restaurants. For all the restaurants in the past, Leon has worked the traffic flow in a clockwise manner. For the current restaurant this will not work, but Leon cannot think of another way to route the traffic. Leon is experiencing. A) mental set B) working backword C) and anchoring bias D) incorrectly identifying the problem E) divergent thinking

A

Many psychologist view creativity as a form of A) divergent thinking B) convergent thinking C) intuition D) artificial concepts E)intelligence

A

Some people believe that psychology is all "common sense" and that we already knew most of what research tells us about human nature. In reality we cannot make assumptions about human nature without doing research and collection good data. The false belief that we already knew what psychology tells us it known as _______________. A) hindsight bias B) anchoring bias C) ignoring bade rates D) availability bias E)convergent thinking

A

The "naming explosion" begins at about age A)18 months B) 3 years C) 6 years D)9 months E) All language development occurs evenly throughout the life span.

A

The _________ theory claims that establishing more connections with long-term memories makes information more meaningful and memorable and thus easier to recall. A) Levels of processing B) engram C) spatial analyses D) distributed language E) mood congruent

A

A "feathered biped" is the artificial concept of a(n) A)human B)bird C)penguin D)sea horse E)animal

B

A guitarist uses _______ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song. A)Episodic Memory B) Procedural Memory C) Semantic Memory D) A flashbulb Memory E) mnemonics

B

A language's set of rules about combining and ordering words A) morpheme B) grammar C) syntax D) overregularization E) accomodation

B

According to Freud, the only way to be free of repressed memories is to A) Go back to the place where they occurred B) uncover them in therapy C)eliminate interfering information D) acknowledge your bias E) push them deep into the unconscious mind

B

Between ___________ and _____________ of all children have suffered at least on incident of sexual abuse. A) 1%;3% B) 4%;20% C) 5%;35% D) 10%;15% E) 20%;25%

B

Brad is home when all of his lights suddenly go out. He thought that "this is what happens when a fuse is blown" would be said to A) demonstrate functional fixedness B) identifying the problem C) using an algorithm D) utilizing a heuristic E)evaluating a solution

B

In problem solving, a(n) ___________ will nearly always produce the correct answer. We often however use ___________ because they are much more efficient and are often still correct A) mental set; schemas B) algorithm; heuristic C) mnemonic device; scripts D) retrieval cue; cognitive maps E) prototypes; anchoring bias'

B

Once children understand that there are rules regarding language, they have A) reached the two- word stage B) reached the telegraphic stage C) acquired grammar D) acquired syntax E) reached the babbling stage

B

Results form PET scan studies suggest that A) a single "thinking center" mediates thought B) thought occurs in widely distributed areas of the brain, and that a range of highly specialized modules deal with different kinds of thought C) a single brain region mediates thought D) the cerebellum is loosely divided into subsection which deal with different kinds of thought E) most types of mental processing occur throughout the brainstorm

B

Sally said " I goes to the store", she is demonstrating an example of A) Morphemes B) overregularization C) phonemes D) telegraphic speech E) two word speech

B

Suggestibility can cause us to A) lose old memories in our LTM B) distort memories and create false ones C) block painful or upsetting memories D) be unable to forget painful memories E) rehearse important material repeatedly

B

To answer this multiple choice question, you must use A) Implicit Memory B) Recognition C) Recall D) Procedural Memory E) The method of Loci

B

Wendell is a great surfer but he never considers surfing as a career, instead he goes into accounting which he has no real passion for, Wendell is exhibiting A) functional fixedness B) self- imposed limitations C) an error identifying the problem D) algorithm E) heuristic

B

When memories for unpleasant events are intrusive, what has occurred? A)Suggestibility B) Persistence C)mnemonics D) bias E) transience

B

When trying to find the solution to a complicated math problem, some people will begin with the answer and then try to find out how this came to be, this process is called A) inversion B) working backword C) reversitbilty D) means ends analysis E) anchoring bias

B

When you hear a phone number and are able to recall it for a brief period of time the phone number is thought to reside within ____________ memory A) Sensory B) Working C) Gustory D) Procedural E) Long- Term

B

Which of the following is NOT true of highly creative people A) they are very interested in the problem B) prefer to work in larger groups C) prefer more complex problem D) enjoy interacting with other creative thinkers E) question how problems are presented

B

Which of the following is true of creativity A) creative people have unique personality flaws B) first involves becoming an expert in a specific field C) low motivation can facilitators creativity D) a person can become an expert after a year of study E) achievement requires great leap of imagination

B

You are baby sitting one Friday evening and after the children are in bed you decide to watch Scream. After watching the movie you are sure that you hear sounds coming from the basement and are frightened that there may be a killer in the house. In reality the chances that someone has broken into the house are no better than they were before you watched the film however you are still scared. This is an example of which of the following A) Confirmation bias B) availability heuristic C) anchoring bias D) divergent thinking E) hindsight bias

B

___________ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations A) Prototypes B) Schemas C) Heirarchies D) Algorithms E) Cognitive Maps

B

A person who uses a drop of super glue to seal a paper cut on their finger has overcome the obstacle to effective problem solving related to A) working backword B) regression to the average C) functional fixedness D) the anchoring bias E) representatives heuristic

C

According to Freud , those individuals who had been held in concentration camps during WW2 would __________ these memories because they are too painful to remember A) Project B) displace C) repress D) ignore E) remember

C

Concepts A) can represent object but not activities B)cannot be directly observed by researchers C) are basically the same from one person to the next D) interfere with out ability to organize new information E) come in exactly two types, visual and auditory

C

In Biology you are learning that a class of animals falls under the broader scope of a kingdom of animals and a family under class. You are learning a A) script B) syllogism C) hierarchy D) mental set E) cognitive map

C

In the studies that were complete regarding student's cognitive maps of the world, researchers found that A) all students regardless of where they live shared a cognitive map that was very similar B) most students place the US at the center of the world C) the majority of students place Europe at the center of the world D) most students made Australia much smaller than it actually is E) there was no conclusive findings from the study

C

The odd feeling of recognition you get when visit a new place is known as A) a prototype B) concept hierarchy C) deja vu D) a mental set E) algorithm

C

Usually about 500 people attend the annual exquisite Irish Food festival. This year however about 5000 people have attended because the world has spread that boiled cabbage last year was " out of this world". Kelley who is organizing the event know that there is usually 500 people there, while she knows more people are in attendance she estimate the crown to be about 1000 people. She is probably underestimating the crowd due to A) representativeness heuristic B) mental set C)anchoring bias D)self imposed limitations E)cognitive maps

C

What is the problem with many foreign language programs currently offered in US schools A)They offer children too many different foreign language options B) The begin their foreign language training too early C) They begin their foreign language training too late D) They do not have enough selection in the choices of language E)They are not rigorous enough.

C

Which of the following is true of prototypes A) They are slowly accessed and recalled B) They are never used when the critical features approach applies. C) They are formed on the basis of commonly experienced features D) The more often they are perceived, the weaker their overall memory strength E) They are often based on dictionary definitions

C

Which one of the following in NOT an artificial concept A) the dictionary definition of the word "truth" B) Einstein's theory of relativity C) you mental image of the stature of Liberty D) the lyrics to "New York, New York" E) how to determine the radius of a circle

C

You got o a new fancy restaurant and you are nervous because you are on a first date. However, since you have been to other nice restaurants before, you know that you will first be seated, then someone will take your drink order, then you will have an appetizer, followed by dinner. If all goes well on the date, you may even stay for dessert. What is this an example of. A) algorithm B)mental set C)script D) episodic memory E) heuristic

C

Your friend Edward is lost and need your help finding the mall, you find out where he is and then guide him verbally to his destination. Your ability to give Edward good directions to the mall is based on a A) prototype B) mental set C) cognitive map D)hierarchy E) hindsight bias

C

__________ bias refers to a situation in which people ignore or overlook information that disagrees with their beliefs. A) hingsight B) knowledge C) confirmation D) representativeness E) avilabilty

C

A(n) ___________ is a cognitive representation of a physical space. A) chunk B) spatial heuristic C) algorithm D) cognitive map E) confirmation bias

D

A(n) ____________ is a step by step solution to a problem that is likely to be successful. A) rule of thumb B) schema C)mental operant D) algorithm E) categorization process

D

A, an, ill, are all examples of A) syntax B)grammar C) phonemes D)morphemes E) overregularization

D

An algorithm would NOT be the best strategy when trying to A) use a mathematical formula to figure out the answer B) follow a specific procedure during a science lab C) calculate you grade point average D) choose whether you would like to have roses of lilac in you garden E) follow the directions on a box of legos in order to build the fort pictured

D

Children regardless of where they are brought up, speak primarily about which of the following categories of ideas? A) parents, movable objects and themselves B) themselves, parents, and needs C) movable objects, themselves, and locations D) locations, movable objects, and movers E) needs, themselves, and movers

D

Jenny is locked out of her car, it is cold and she is upset. Jenny forgets that she has a purse filled with objects that might be of use in getting into her care. Jenny is demonstrating A) anchoring bias B) availability heuristic C) algorithm D) functional fixedness E) representative heuristic

D

Sheila is collecting information for a survey. She believed that individual on public aid have a tenancy to take advantage of the money they receive from the government. As sheila collect her data, she dismisses the information regarding hard working individuals on public aid and focuses on information that suggest that people are taking advantage. Sheila is demonstrating the ____________. A) hindsight bias B) anchoring bias C)type 4 error D) confirmation bias E)double blind research

D

The typical vocabulary of a six-year- old is A)1,000 words B) 5,000 words C) 7,000 words D) 10,000 words E) 60,000 words

D

What is the prototypical example of a vehicle A) boat B) bus C) train D) car E) bike

D

When you begin working on your psychology research project you at first feel overwhelmed eventually however you begin to take each step at a time until you come to the end of the project. By the end of the school year you have a wonderful research project that was made less overwhelming by A) using an algorithm B) working backwords C) formal logic D) breaking the problem into it's subgoals E) using functional fixedness

D

Which of the following is a culturally defined scrips that would violate most Americans ideas of acceptable behavior. A) the expectation that people stop at red lights B) the idea that people who know one another should say "hello" C) the idea that we should listen to our teachers D) the idea that women should not reveal their face or arms in public E) the expectation that children should share with one another

D

You have seen many dog in you life. Because of this, you have no problem picturing the new lab that you friend is describing to you. The idea of what a dog looks like based on your prior experience is called a A) familiar concept B) normative schema C) mental prototype D) natural concept E) deja vu experience

D

_________ are unique brain wave patterns that are association with particular stimuli. A) Background "noise" B) artificial concepts C) quantitative trait loci D) event related potentials E) long term potentials

D

A "good thinker" possesses which of the following attributes A) They are capable of careful reasoning B) They make use of effective thinking stategies C) They avoid jumping to rash conclusions D) They avoid misleading thinking stategies E) All of the above are correct

E

Noam Chomsky believes that all children are born A)inherently know grammar B) learn only their native language C) knowing only the morphemes within their own language D) knowing syntax E) with the ability to learn all languages

E

One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that these A) are intuitive and obvious B) are flexible, because they are not too precise C) can solve almost any problem D) change over time as we become wiser E) will always work if used properly

E

Social cues that help to express meaning in communication include A) body language B) intonation C) facial expressions D) feedback form those they are talking to E) All of the above

E

When you create in your mind a "typical day at school", you are experiencing A) deja vu B) an artificial concept C) a prototype D) functional fixedness E) concept formation

E

Absent Mindedness in a college student would typically involve A) trying to study while watching television B) a failure to encode a stimulus event C) a failure to connect new input to previously stored information D) a failure of iconic memory E) an old memory making it difficult to recall a newer one

A

An eidetic image will fade from memory if you A) describe it B) think about it C) are aware of it D) view it for too long E) rehearse it

A

Another term for eidetic imagery is A) photographic memory B) recognition C) episodic memory D) engram E) implicit memory

A

Many Alzheimer's patients have a memory the initially gives up newer thoughts and memories. They may mistake their grandson for their own son. In many ways this resembles A) Anterograde amnesia B) Retrograde Amnesia C) Short- Term Memory D) Semantic Memories E) Long- term memory

A

Modern cognitive research suggests that memory for emotionally arousing events A) is remembered vividly B) cannot be uncovered C) is stored deep within the unconscious mind D) is distorted E) is difficult to retrieve

A

Noam Chomsky believed that language was A)attributable primarily to nature B) attributable primarily to nurture C) an equal mix of nature and nurture D) only learned after age 2 E) a result of exclusively learned from watching one's person

A

Our ability to retain encoded material over time is known as A) storage B) recognition C) recall D) declarative memory E) chunking

A

Patient H.M. is unable to form _________ memories as a result of the removal of his _________ on both sides of his brain in order to stop epileptic seizures. A) Episodic; Hippocampus and amugdala B) Semantic; medulla C) Procedural ; thalamus D) declarative; frontal cortex E) Implicit; Cerebellum

A

Simon read the words 'bed', 'night', 'snore', 'comfort', and 'pillow' to Jennifer. As a result of misattribution, we could expect Jennifer to A) remember the word sleep B) experience some sleepiness C) only remember three or four of the words D) remember the first and last words, but not the middle words E) confuse the order of the words

A

The TOT phenomenon is explained as due to a poor match between A) retrieval cues and encoding in LTM B) mnemonics and engrams C) semantic memory and recall D) implicit and explicit memory E) episodic memory and recognition

A

The concept of transcience suggests the long term memory A) fade in strength over time B) remain the same regardless of how much time passes C) become distorted by our experience D) increases as time passes E) had unlimited capacity

A

The following eyewitnesses are being asked to recall what they say at an accident site. Who is most likely to report a distorted memory? A)Eddie,w ho has told the story already to five different interrogators each of whom asked different questions B) George who is 35 and a lawyer C) Mandy who knows that the recollections of memories can cause errors to occur D)Ellen, who has told her story to only one interrogator E) All of the above are likely to have faulty memories

A

The key tasks of a memory system is to A) encode, store, and retrieve B) perceive, chunk, and recall C) sense, understand, and rehearse D) process, rearrange, and simplify E) be exposed to, combine, and consider

A

The memory failure caused by transience is adaptive in that it A)prevents memory from becoming overwhelmed B) retains the most important information C) eliminates memories that conflict with our beliefs D) makes it difficult to encode sensory memories E) ensures memories are stored by both sight and sound

A

The storage capacity of working memory A- is smaller than both sensory and long term memory B- is larger than both sensory and long term memory C- varies more than both sensory and long term memory D- is larger than sensory memory, but smaller than long term memory E- is larger than long term memory, but smaller than sensory memory

A

Brian cannot remember the name of the flower he just planted even though he knows he is familiar with it's name, his lack of remembering demonstrates the _____________. A) mnemonic devices B) tip of your tongue phenomena C) method of loci D) recognition E) chunking

B

H.M. lost ability to create new memories after his surgery, he is suffering from A) Retrograde Amnesia B) Anterograde Amnesia C) Retrograde interference D) Proactive interference E) Repression

B

How long does sensory memory generally last A) 1 Minute B) Fraction of a second C) 1 Second D) 10 Seconds E) NO limit to how long sensory mermory will last

B

If you are unable to remember the name of you second grade teacher because you haven't thought of her in a while, you are demonstrating A) the serial position effect B) transcience C) misattribution D) absent mindedness E) encoding specificity

B

If you learn material for your political science course in a classroom, as then are asked to take an exam for that course if a large lecture hall on the other side of campus, your scores may not be as high as you would like. What may explain this phenomena? A)Mood- Congruent learning B) Encoding specifity C)Recognition D) Recall E) mnemonic devices

B

If you look at the particular area on the chalk board where a certain concept was written to help you remember the term you are using. A) a mnemonic device B) a retrieval cue C) Implicit memory D) Chunking E) eidectic memory

B

Which of the following brain areas is primarily concerned with speech production A) Hippocampus B) Broca's Area C) hypothalamus D) Wernicke's area E) parietal lobe

B

Which of the following in NOT true of the memory process of encoding? A) A stimulus is identified during encoding B) Encoding requires conscious attention C) Emotionally charged experiences are easily encoded D) Encoding involves linking a new concept with one already in memory E) B and D are correct

B

Which of the following is NOT a difference between eidetic imagery and other memories? A) Eidetic images are more vivid B) Eidectic images are more abstract C) Eidetic images last longer D)Eidetic images are more common for children E) eidetic images are more like afterimages

B

_________ occurs when newly learned language information prevents the retrieval of previously stored similar information A) Implicit amnesia B) retroactive interference C) proactive interference D) SUppression E) Explicit amnesia

B

___________ memory could explain how you know a certain person's name even if you cannot explain how you know it. A) Semantic B) Implicit C) Episodic D) Explicit E) Procedural

B

To remember the five Great Lakes, you might remember the work HOMES, because each of the five letters in HOMES is the first letter of one of the Great Lakes. The strategy is known as A) the method of Loci B) the tip of your tongue phenomena C) a natural language mediator D) a recognition taks E) maintenance rehearsal

C

Bonnie is trying to remember what grocery items she needs from the store. She repeats the words, "Eggs, cookies, bread, tortillas, and pretzels" over and over again in her mind. Bonnie is utilizing which memory technique? A) elaborative rehearsal B) transduction C) Maintenance rehearsal D) Chunking E) Retroactive interference

C

Chomsky believed that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) was A) a result our interactions with our environment B) essential if a newborn was to survive C) a combination of speech centers located in the brain D) located in the parietal lobe of the brain E) found in only some cultures

C

Ebbinghaus found that when he returned to a list a words that he had previously memorized week before, it took him A) a longer list to remember B) the same amount of time to remember the list again C) Less time to remember the list again D) longer to remember the first half of the list E) Longer to remember insignificant words on the list

C

Knowing how to board a train is considered a ____________ memory, while knowing that Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States is a ____________ memory. A) Recognition; recall B) Encoding; rehearsal C) Procedural; Declarative D) Semantic; Episodic E) Immediate; eventual

C

Long term potential suggests that A) Sensory memory has the ability to store memories indefinitely B) all incoming messages will be sent to permanent storage in LTM. C) Millions of neurons can be involved in storing a single memory D) A neuron can hold information for more than a minute E)None of the above explain LTM.

C

Many individuals can remember an entire sentence that is read to them even though it exceeds the amount of information we can generally hold in short term memory. They do this by A) Using their sketch pad B) Employing the method of Loci C) Using the phonological loop D) Using sensory memory E) Using long- term memory

C

The ability of the hippocampus is to transfer intermediate memories into long term memory is known as A) Transduction B) Networking C) Consolidation D) Engram E) Plasticity

C

The capacity of working memory is about __________ items and this theory was developed by _____________. A) Three; Schacter B) Seven; Miller C) Eleven; Miller D) Twenty; Aronson E) Thirty; Craik

C

The idea proposed by Noam Chomsky that suggests that all individuals are born with a innate ability to learn language A) linguistic relativity theory B) grammar C) language acquisition device D) overregularization E) morpheme

C

The observation that depressed people tend to favor recall of depressing memories is known as ___________ memory. A) Sociopathic B) Anterograde C) Mood- Congruent D) Retrograde E) A and B are correct

C

The reason it may be difficult to remember how many rows of stars appear in the United States flag is most likely due to A) the limits of our visual system B) sensory adaption C) the fact that we pay little attention to such details D) habituation E) sensory interference

C

The three memory stages, in order of processing, are A) Sensory; cognitive; short term B) Sensory; working; short term C) Sensory; working; long term D) Working; long term; short term E) Recall; recognition; rehearsal

C

When Suzy scans the store window she decides that there is nothing she is interested in. She is using her __________ memory and when she is not interested in any of the objects, the information is ___________. A) Echoic; Held for one minute B) Iconic; Held for one minute C) Iconic; Immediately disregarded D) Echoic; Immediately disregarded E) Tactile; held for one minute

C

You are an actor worried about remembering your lines. Inn order to help you a friends suggests that you remember each portion of the script by linking it to different places in your home. What memory technique has your friend suggested? A)persistence B) rote memorizations C) Method of Loci D) Maintenance elaboration E) none of the above

C

You are at a party, first you are introduced to Tina and immediately following that introduction you meet Gina, they both look similar and you have not met them before, which of the following may be prohibiting you form correctly remembering their names even moments later? A) retroactive interference B) serial position effect C) interference D) transience E) bias

C

A cognitive understanding of memory, emphasizing how information is changer when it is encoded, stirs, and retrieved is known as A) chunking B) the elaboration method C) the forgetting curve D) the information processing model E) eidetic imagery

D

A temporary failure to recall where you left your keys is most likely due to A) Transience B) proactive interference C) misattribution D) absent mindedness E) the TOT phenomenon

D

Because ___________ memories of events before the age of three are extremely rare, early memories of abuse are likely to be ___________. A) semantic; biased B) procedural; distorted C) episodic; misattribution D) explicit; repressed E) declarative; forgotten

D

Because of self consistency bias A)Don may have trouble remembering how he initially felt about Vicki. B) Pete's feelings about Anne may be stronger than they once were. C) Sam may not love Florence any more D) Shawna believes that she always felt passionately about Matthew E) Tom believes that he loves Coral more than Mike does.

D

Because of the limited capacity of __________, it is unsafe to talk on a cell phone while driving on a freeway during rush hour. A) Sensory Memory B) Procedural Memory C) Episodic Memory D) Working Memory E) Echoic Memory

D

Blocking refers to the situation in which competing memories produce _________ leading to forgetting. A) transduction B) tranference C) an engram D) interference E) misattribution

D

Eidetic memory is most often found in A) the elderly B) those with an incredible high IQ C) idiot savants D) children E) all of the above

D

Getting information out of memory is known as A) encoding B) storage C) elaboration D) retrieval E) chunking

D

Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve revealed that we forgot A) immediately after being exposed to new information B) all information that is not personally relevant to us C) nothing, everything is held in long term memory D) for meaningless information, quickly at first and then forgetting tapers off. E) None of the above are correct

D

Highly emotional memories such as those which many prisoner's of war have experienced may cause post traumatic stress disorder. Recent research has found which brain structure to play a significant role in theses emotional memories? A) Reticular Activation system B) Pituitary C) Hypothalamus D) Amygdala E) pons

D

If you witness a mugging and the police ask, : " did you see the scar on the assailants face?' Even if there was no scar, you might reply that you did indeed see the scar. What fault of memory best explains the honest mistake. A) bias B) persistence C) transience D) misinformation effect E) interference

D

Jamal needs to remember his social security number but there are too many numbers for him to hold in his working memory. What technique would be best help Jamal to remember his social security number. A- mnemonic device B- Method of Loci C- Employ sensory memory D- Chunking E- Iconic memory

D

New information is related to older memory information during the memory process of A) retrieval B) Encoding C) storage D) elaboration E) rehearsing

D

Ted asks Krystal to say the words 'hop', 'pop' and 'mop'. Then Ted, asks Krystal, " What do you do at a green light?" Krystal quickly replies, "Stop, " ( instead of the right answer: Go) because of A) Recogition B) Encoding specifity C) TOT Phenomenon D) Priming E) Misattribution

D

The TOT phenomenon occurs when A) A flood of memories enter consciousness B)Memories interfere with one another C) the order of presentation impacts recall D) You know the word but you can't name it E) a person strongly believes that incorrect memories are accurate

D

The awareness of what your friend wore to school last April 21st must first pass through A) Working B) Declarative C) Procedural D) Sensory E) Photographic

D

The best strategy by which to transfer information from working memory to long term is to engage in A) eidectic imagery B) maintenance rehearsal C) Long term potential D) elaborative rehearsal E) repression

D

The memory process of elaboration resembles the Piagetian concept of A) storage B) recognition C) recall D) assimilation E) egocentrism

D

The physical changes that are associated with memory are known as a(n) A) Phoneme B) Schema C) Long- term potential D) engram E) phosgene

D

This type of memory is primarily what contributes to our sense of self. A) Sensory Memory B) Short- Term Memory C) Eidetic Memory D) Long- Term Memory E) Procedural Memory

D

We are always aware of _________ memory whereas ____________ memory may be incidentally learned. A) Semantic; Episodic B) Implicit; Explicit C) Episodic; Semantic D) Explicit; Implicit E) Semantic; procedural

D

Which of the following is NOT one of Daniel Schacter's "Seven sins" of memory A) bias B) absent- mindedness C) suggestibility D) encoding failure E) transcience

D

Which of the following provides evidence to support the idea of a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) A)People around the world inherently know the same language B) Parents who talk to their children while in the womb have children who talk much earlier C)All languages share all of the same sounds D) Children worldwide proceed through the steps of language in much the same way E) We learn much of the language we know from our peers and our parents

D

Your memory of how much fun you had last Spring break is an example of A) Semantic Memory B) Chunking C) Procedural Memory D) Episodic Memory E) Sensory Memory

D

Your parents remember details regarding when John F. Kennedy was shot, and you remember detail about a mugging you saw last month. Your parents memory is more likely to be ___________ and yours is likely to be _____________. A) Distorted; distorted B) Totally Wrong; distorted C) accurate; accurate D) distorted; accurate E) accurate; distorted

D

___________ refers to the term for any system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information. A) Perception B) Processing C) Learning D) Memory E) Sensation

D

______________ memory is the LTM subsystem that stores memory for how things are done. A) Episodic B) Semantic C) Eventual D) Procedural E) Declarative

D

As language develops, people A) begin to learn rules of grammar B) move form the babbling to the one-word stage C) lose the ability to makes sounds that are heard in other languages D) begins to combine morphemes into meaningful units E) All of the above are true about the development of language

E

Because ideas in LTM are stored in terms of meaning, a practical way to improve memory is to A) Cut down of alcohol intake on study days B) Use only maintenance rehearsal when studying C) Study in a noisy crowded environment D) wait until the last moment to learn new material E) make the material meaningful when it is in working memory

E

During the memory process of _____________, we select , identify the correct format for the memory system. A) retrieval B) storage C) access D) processing E) encoding

E

If you are trying to remember the names of all the US presidents, the serial position effect would predict that you will have difficulty A) Remembering more than about seven ( + or - 2) of them B) recognizing the names of the presidents on a list C) recalling the earliest presidents D) recalling the most recent presidents E) recalling the presidents in the middle of the list

E

In proactive interference, old memories act to A) cause us to forget other old memories B) distort our sensory memory C) add additional information to permanent external memory D) reverse the order of items in LTM E) block our ability to learn new information

E

Remembering the explanation that your psychology professor gave when she described neural networks is likely held in your A) Procedural Memory B) Priming C) Implicit Memory D) Distributed Learning E) Semantic Memory

E

The sensory register for vision is called ____________ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ____________ memory. A) Declarative; Procedural B) Olfactory; Auditory C) Implicit; Explicit D) Explicit; Implicit E) Iconic; Echoic

E

When you learn the tango, you forget the mambo that you learned last year, this is an example of A) Proactive interference B) Serial position effect C) Transience D)Persistance E) Retroactive interference

E

___________ refers to a situation in which personal beliefs, attitudes, and experiences impact memory. A)Misattribution B) Suggestibility C) Interference D) Transference E) Bias

E