AP Psychology: Unit 14 Test Review
Which of the following terms describes our geographic nearness to another person?
Proximity
Which of the following is the most complete definition of conformity?
Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard
Classic studies of obedience indicate that about _______ of the participants were willing to administer what they believed to be 450-volt shocks to other humans.
two-thirds
Which of the following least describes prejudice?
A physical behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the unselfish concern for the welfare of others?
Altruism
Which of the following best describes a feeling, often influenced by a belief, that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to people and events?
Attitude
According to research on the bystander effect, which of the following people is most likely to stop and help a stranger?
Ciera just saw a young girl offering her arm to help an older woman cross the street.
What tension occurs when we become aware that our attitudes and actions don't coincide?
Cognitive dissonance
Which of the following best explains why we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent?
Cognitive dissonance theory
What do we call the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next?
Culture
Which of the following is an aspect of physical attractiveness that appears to be true across cultures?
Indications of reproductive health
Believing that your school is better than all the other schools in town is an example of what psychological concept?
Ingroup bias
Which of the following terms or phrases best describes the behavior of rowdy fans yelling obscenities at a football or soccer referee after a controversial penalty has been called?
Deindividuation
Which of the following is an example of ingroup bias?
Derek believes his t-ball team is the best in the league.
Which of the following is an example of a social-cultural influence on aggressive behavior?
Exposure to violent media
A friend fails to meet an achievement goal. As a result, he gets angry and behaves aggressively. Which of the following terms best identifies this chain of events?
Frustration-aggression principle
What do we call the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition?
Fundamental attribution error
The enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose. What is this tendency called?
Group polarization
Which of the following is most likely to occur when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives?
Groupthink
Which of the following is an example of the mere exposure effect?
Guiren didn't like sushi the first couple times he tried it, but his friend encouraged him to keep eating it and now it's one of his favorite foods.
Galileo's notion that the earth revolved around the sun was in opposition to the widespread beliefs of his day. What social psychological principle is this an example of?
Minority influence
Which of the following accurately describes the just- world phenomenon?
It's the belief that most people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Sophia was not sure she would like the new driver of her school bus, but during the year she realized she was looking forward to greeting him in the morning and hearing one of his corny jokes. Which concept best explains her change in perception?
Mere exposure effect
Which of the following is true of prejudice in recent years?
Overt prejudice has been decreasing more than subtle prejudice.
Over time, which of the following is typically true of the relationship between passionate love and companionate love?
Passionate love decreases and companionate love increases.
Which of the following statements about the foot-in- the-door phenomenon is false?
People who agree to a small action are less likely to agree to a larger one later.
Which of the following is the primary distinction between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice is cognitive and discrimination is behavioral.
Which of the following is an example of conformity?
Renee begins to buy the same brand of sweatshirt that most of the kids in her school are wearing.
If Juan believes Ngoc is annoyed with him, he may snub her, causing her to act in ways that justify his perception. What concept is this an example of?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What do we call a belief that leads to its own fulfillment?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following maintains that our social behavior is an exchange process that minimizes costs?
Social exchange theory
What do we call the improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
Which social psychology principle influences people to perform a task better in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
What do we call culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations?
Social scripts
What do we call a situation in which the conflicting parties, by rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior?
Social trap
Groundbreaking research on obedience was conducted by
Stanley Milgram.
Researchers have found that people tend to become more hostile in situations when they are exposed to aversive stimuli, such as heat or personal insults. What is the term for this tendency?
The frustration-aggression principle
People frequently credit or blame either internal dispositions or external situations for others'behavior. What is this tendency called?
The fundamental attribution error
A member of one racial group viciously beats someone from a different racial group. The incident is widely publicized in the local media. Which of the following terms best describes this incident?
Vivid case
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy is called
aggression.
Becoming less self-conscious and less restrained when in a group situation is referred to as
deindividuation.
Obedience to authority when the authority figure is asking someone to shock another person is highest when
the authority figure is from a prestigious institution.