AP Psychology: Unit 3 Module 10 Reading Notes
Pancreas
regulates the level of sugar in the blood
Spinal Cord
a two-way information highway connecting the peripheral nervous system and the brain
Pituitary Gland
a growth hormone that stimulates development and oxytocin, which enables contractions associated with birthing, milk flow during nursing, and orgasm, are relased by the ______.
Adrenal Glands
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress
Reflex
a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
SNS
SNS or PNS: accelerating heartbeat
PNS
SNS or PNS: allows bloodflow to sex organs
PNS
SNS or PNS: contracting pupils
PNS
SNS or PNS: contracts bladder
SNS
SNS or PNS: dilating pupils
SNS
SNS or PNS: inhibits digestion
SNS
SNS or PNS: relaxes bladder
PNS
SNS or PNS: slows heartbeat
PNS
SNS or PNS: stimulates digestion
SNS
SNS or PNS: stimulates ejaculation in males
PNS
SNS or PNS: stimulates gallbladder
SNS
SNS or PNS: stimulates glucose release by liver
SNS
SNS or PNS: stimulates secretion of epinephrine or norepinephrine
Thyroid Gland
affects metabolism
Hypothalamus
brain area adjacent to the pituitary gland which influences it to regulate growth and control other endocrine glands
Nerves
bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
Hormones
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues
Glandular Activity, Heartbeat, Digestion
functions influenced by the autonomic nervous system include _____.
Adrenaline and Nonadrenaline
epinephrine and norepinephrine can also be referred to as _____.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
formed by the brain and spinal cord, it is the body's decision maker
Parathyroids
helps regulate the level of calcium in the blood
Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Motor (Efferent) Neurons
neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
Ovary
secretes female sex hormones
Testis
secretes male sex hormones
Fight-or-Flight Response
surge of energy given off by epinephrine and nonepinephrine
Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
the autonomic nervous system's _______ division arouses while its _______ division calms.
Endrocrine System
the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Nervous System
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
Neural Networks
the brain's neurons cluster into work groups called ______.
Sympathetic Nervous System
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic Nervous System
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Somatic Nervous System (Skeletal Nervous System)
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
Pituitary Gland
the endocrine system's most influential gland which, under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart).
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
Autonomously
to operate on your own is to operate _____.
