AP Psychology Unit Five

Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her.

The idea that language develops because of an inborn language acquisition device was proposed by

Chomsky

Regarding therapist-guided "recovered" memories of sexual abuse in infancy, which statement best represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

Since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 4, memories from the first 4 years of life are not reliable.

Strange as it may seem, James has run into the same co-worker four times today, in four different locations. He gets a little nervous, wondering if she is following him. His ability to unconsciously keep track of the number of times he's run into the co-worker is known as _____ processing.

automatic

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

availability heuristic

Thom still believes that the congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is now experiencing

belief perseverance

What two parts of the brain are most involved in implicit memory?

cerebellum and basal ganglia

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is known as a(n) _____.

concept

Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

convergent thinking

Our memory of facts and experiences that we consciously know and can easily recite is known as _____ memory.

explicit

retrograde amnesia

inability to retrieve information from one's past due to illness or injury

linguistic determinism

language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us

The amount remembered depends both on the time spent learning and on making it _____.

meaningful

short-term memory

memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten.

The prefix "pre" in "preview" or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of

morphemes

syntax

nouns, adjectives, and verbs are in the proper place grammatically

Which of the following will one most likely store as an implicit memory?

one's conditioned fear of guns

In the word "prepare," each "r" can be considered a

phoneme

In language development, _____ is the ability to comprehend speech.

receptive language

Imagine one has to pick the correct answer from a displayed list of options. This aspect of memory is known as _____.

recognition

_____ interference occurs when something you learn now interferes with your ability to recall something you learned earlier.

retroactive

proactive interference

the forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

anterograde amnesia

the inability to form new memories due to injury or illness

infantile memory

the lack of memory of the first four years of life

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Louis can remember his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

_____ said, "If we remembered everything, we should on most occasions be as ill off as if we remembered nothing."

William James

ionic memory

a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

a rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off

aphasia

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

Six months after a patient committed suicide, your attorney is asking if the patient called you before committing the act. You respond that the patient did not. Three months later, opposing counsel asks you similar questions and you respond that the patient did call you, confusing this patient with one of your current patients. This is an example of:

source misattribution

broca's area

speaking

retroactive interference

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

semantic encoding

the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

long-term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

thinking about how the words relate to your own life

wernicke's area

understanding

Christy moved from her home state so that she could attend graduate school in her desired field of study. She did not know anyone where she moved to and spent the money she had saved for the move very quickly. Things cost much more than she had expected. She received little support from her family to pursue her college education. Still, she progressed and quickly earned her degree. She graduated at the top of her class. Christy has a(n) _____personality.

venturesome

Research conducted on people suffering from anterograde amnesia shows that their ____ memory has been irreparably damaged, but their _____ memory functions normally.

verbal; nonverbal

Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?

what you ate for breakfast this morning

semantics

whether the choice of words convey the appropriate meaning

In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'

working memory

Which stage of memory can be thought of as the "workshop" of consciousness and memory?

working memory