AP Pysch Unit 5 Test

The original dopamine hypothesis refers to the view that schizophrenia is at least partially caused by

too much dopamine in the brain

Dr. Xi conducted an experiment on the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication. Given her research design, if she finds that the drug is effective, which of the following will she be able to conclude?

Antidepressants decrease the severity of depression, and the experiment demonstrates cause-and-effect because she used random assignment.

Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by behavior that includes dishonesty, repeated trouble with authority figures, and an absence of remorse for these types of conduct?

Antisocial

Petunia experiences distress every time she leaves her house and goes out into a crowd. The most likely diagnosis for her would be which of the following types of disorders?

Anxiety

Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking a medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. What type of treatment has Jim chosen?

Behavioral

The following question(s) refer to the information below. A psychologist describes the following steps to a client, while the client is practicing relaxation techniques, in order to treat the client's psychological disorder: You are entering a large building. You are pressing a button for an elevator. You are stepping into an elevator. You are watching the doors close after entering the elevator. You are traveling five floors on the elevator. Which type of therapy is most closely associated with the technique used in this method?

Behavioral

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

Behavioral

Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used?

Behavioral therapy

A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality?

Biomedical

Dora alternates between periods of extreme euphoria, when she is very talkative, overconfident, and hyperactive, and times of profound sadness, when she experiences feelings of hopelessness. Which of the following disorders is Dora most likely exhibiting?

Bipolar

Brett is exhibiting signs of dissociative amnesia. Which of the following scenarios would most likely depict Brett's situation?

Brett was at work in Seattle when a police officer asked if he was John Simons from Miami. Brett said no, but the officer showed him a picture of himself with a family he had no memory of. Brett did not remember how he got to Seattle and did not remember ever being named John.

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations

During her psychotherapy sessions, Justine finds that her therapist often paraphrases what she has said, asks for clarification, and seems to understand her feelings. The therapist's approach is most consistent with that of

Carl Rogers

A clinical psychologist believes that Caroline's problems stem from the lack of consistency between her self-concept and reality. According to the psychologist, this discrepancy makes Caroline feel anxious and threatened. Caroline's psychologist most likely adheres to which of the following orientations?

Client-centered

Which of the following psychological theories would explain posttraumatic stress disorder as being the result of irrational beliefs and ideas?

Cognitive

A patient with symptoms of depression is working with a psychologist and reports that he has no meaningful relationships and no skills that allow him to make friends. The psychologist determines that the patient's beliefs and lack of interpersonal skills are the primary contributors to his depression. Which of the following treatments is the psychologist most likely to use?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following falls under the category of somatic symptom and related disorders?

Conversion disorder

Which of the following is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Delusions

Paula lacks self-confidence. She has a difficult time expressing disagreement with others, and she usually lets friends make decisions for her. Others have commented that they do not know who the "real" Paula is. With which of the following personality disorders might Paula be diagnosed?

Dependent

Which contemporary approach asserts that psychological disorders occur when environmental factors negatively influence individuals who have genetic vulnerabilities to developing psychological disorders? Which contemporary approach asserts that psychological disorders occur when environmental factors negatively influence individuals who have genetic vulnerabilities to developing psychological disorders?

Diathesis-stress

Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?

Disordered thinking

Dr. Antonio conducted a study on a patient who was experiencing extreme depression and was suicidal. Dr. Antonio recorded the patient's thoughts and actions in an attempt to determine what thoughts most likely led to the suicidal ideation. What type of study is Dr. Antonio conducting, and what conclusion can he make?

Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that for this patient certain thoughts are related to suicidal ideation.

Which of the following treatments assumes a biological cause for a disorder?

Electroconvulsive therapy

Client-centered therapists try to appreciate how the world appears from the client's point of view. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Empathy

Charlene is experiencing problems that are most consistent with bipolar disorder. Which of the following scenarios most likely represents Charlene's situation?

For the last two weeks, Charlene has been unable to go to work because she has no energy or interest in anything, and she feels that life may not be worth living. Three weeks ago, however, she was optimistic and wildly euphoric and working 18 hours a day voluntarily.

Dr. Whitlock is conducting an experimental study on the effectiveness of antipsychotic medication. Which of the following will most likely be her dependent variable?

Frequency of auditory hallucinations, because this is the variable she is measuring.

Jamal is taking several honors courses this year and feels more pressure than he ever has before. He worries constantly about school, and because of the time he must devote to studying, he also worries about his relationship with his girlfriend. He is often restless, and his family thinks he gets irritated more than he used to. Even though he feels academic pressure, he often struggles to stay focused on his schoolwork, and his grades are suffering. Jamal's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Generalized anxiety

While grocery shopping, John heard voices that seemed to be narrating his every action. The voices made statements such as "Now he is picking up the bread" and "Now he is putting the bread in his shopping cart." No one else heard the voices. John has heard voices narrating his behavior on several other occasions. What is John experiencing?

Hallucinations

Jimmy, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, sees images of cats everywhere even when no cats are present. What symptom is Jimmy most clearly demonstrating?

Hallucinations, because Jimmy's perception is incorrect.

Mindy's colleagues were embarrassed when she arrived at the professional meeting dressed more appropriately for a nightclub. In addition, she continually drew attention to herself by talking loudly and dramatically, as though she was onstage. Mindy's behavior is most consistent with which of the following psychological disorders?

Histrionic personality disorder, because Mindy is exhibiting exaggerated and self-centered emoting.

When community psychologists refer to primary prevention, they are describing which of the following goals?

Keeping disorders from developing

Using psychological techniques such as free association to explore a client's early relationships is characteristic of what type of treatment?

Psychoanalysis

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Annie experiences disorganized thinking and communicates with people who do not exist. Which of the following is the most likely classification of Annie's problems?

Schizophrenia

Julio has fragmented thinking and distorted false beliefs. Which of the following psychological disorders is Julio most likely experiencing?

Schizophrenia

While pregnant, Marley was exposed to the flu virus. Based on current research, which psychological disorder is Marley's child most likely to develop?

Schizophrenia, because flu virus exposure is positively correlated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following?

Schizophrenic disorders

Shandi has been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true of Shandi?

She has a constant need to be admired.

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

The results depicted in the graph above support which of the following perspectives on the origins of abnormal behavior?

Sociocultural

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a therapist using rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Stanley thinks he is never going to get a job, so his therapist says that would be the worst thing that could ever happen to Stanley.

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Leonard's therapist suggests that Leonard's anxiety may be the result of an unconscious fear of his father's disapproval. What might a critic say about the therapist's suggestion in terms of treating Leonard's anxiety?

The psychodynamic approach is difficult to support because unconscious drives are untestable.

One day, during a therapy session, the client suddenly began acting angrily toward the therapist with no provocation. A psychodynamically oriented therapist would describe this behavior as which of the following?

Transference

Which therapeutic technique has its origins in the humanistic perspective?

Unconditional positive regard

People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have

a compulsion

Karl goes to see Dr. Norton to help him overcome his fear of cats. Karl's fear began in childhood when he petted a cat and someone slammed a door. Every time Karl petted the cat, the door slammed. Now whenever Karl sees a cat, he becomes very anxious. Karl's fear of cats is classified as

a specific phobia

During therapy sessions, Gerry's therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy?

active listening

Albert Ellis' view of psychological problems was that they

are due to irrational thinking

Thomas gained a lot of weight because he was eating too many sweets. A psychologist suggested to Thomas that he pair the pleasant taste of sweets with the taste of something he finds unpleasant. So, Thomas put broccoli, which he hates, in his ice cream, cake, and pie. He now feels nauseated at the sight of dessert and avoids eating it. This technique is known as

aversion therapy

A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a

conversion disorder

For several weeks - ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues - Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. Of the following, she is most likely experiencing

depression

Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they

design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

Karl goes to see Dr. Norton to help him overcome his fear of cats. Karl's fear began in childhood when he petted a cat and someone slammed a door. Every time Karl petted the cat, the door slammed. Now whenever Karl sees a cat, he becomes very anxious. Dr. Norton puts a cat in the room with Karl and prevents Karl from avoiding or escaping the cat until Karl's anxiety naturally dissipates. The treatment is called

flooding

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

A critical component for labeling a person's behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must

interfere with some aspect of the person's life

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and

lithium carbonate

A person who experiences prolonged episodes of severe unhappiness and loss of interest in life would most likely be diagnosed with

major depressive disorder

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

A therapist using systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a fear of big dogs would probably begin treatment by asking the client to

master a set of relaxation techniques

In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the

patient's projection onto the therapist of feelings associated with significant figures in the patient's past

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is best described as an individual who experiences

persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts

Hallucinations are characteristic of

psychotic disorders

According to psychoanalytic theory, the bases for the development of mental disorders are

unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety