AP US History Chapter 19 Supplement Cards

Fort Laramie Treaty

1851 treaty which allowed the safe passage of pioneers across paths through Indian lands and relegated many Indian tribes to reservations with set boundaries--later flagrantly violated, leading to more Indian conflicts.

Homestead Act of 1862

A Homestead Act of 1862

National Association of Colored Women

A prominent racial-uplift organization for women whose first president was Mary Church Terrell.

Memphis Free Speech

Activist Ida B. Wells, writing under the pen name Iola, was a prominent editor of this newspaper which focused on African American issues.

Dawes Severalty Act

Also known as the Dawes Act; well-intentioned, but divided tribes and exposed them to unfair land deals by diving up reservation land and distributing it to Indian families in an effort to integrate them into society. Of 1887. Sponsored by Senator Henry L. Dawes

Battle of Wounded Knee

An accidental rifle discharge led to nearly 200 Indians and 25 soldiers dying in this battle of "characteristic brutality and misunderstanding".

Francis G. Newlands

Aptly named senator who the aptly named 1901 Newlands Reclamation Act was named after.

Benjamin "Pap" Singleton

Born a slave in Tennessee in 1809, this man was convinced that God was calling him to rescue his brethren and founded the Dunlop community along with 200 colonists in Kansas in 1878.

H.T.P. Comstock

Canadian-born fur trapper and discoverer of the Comstock Lode.

G.H. Hammond

Chicago meat packer who shipped the first refrigerated beef in an air-cooled railroad car from Chicago to Boston in 1869; improved upon eight years later by Gustavus Swift.

Nez Perce

Chief Joseph was the Chief of this tribe.

Fort Lyon

Colorado's governor persuaded most of the warring Indians in his territory to gather here, where they were promptly slaughtered to the tune of 200 dead under the militia of John M. Chivington.

Dunlop community

Community founded in 1878 by Benjamin "Pap" Singleton along with 200 other colonists in 1878.

Moon Dance craze

Craze started by Wovoka/Jack Wilson in 1888 and adopted by the Lakota Sioux was to lead to its prohibition in 1890 and the bloodbath at the battle of Wounded Knee.

Boulder/Hoover Dam

Dam built on the Nevada-Arizona line under the 1901 Newlands Reclamation Act and the Reclamation Bureau thereof.

NAACP

Founded by activist Ida B. Wells as a civil rights group (use acronym)

Chief Sitting Bull

Heroic leader of the Sioux during the Great Sioux War

Colorado

In addition to gold and silver rushes, farming and grazing gave the western territorial economy a stable base, leading to this new state, the "Centennial" State, entering into the union in 1876.

Red River War of 1874-1875

Indian resistance in the southern plains continued until this war, when General Philip Sheridan forced the Indians to disband in 1875--seventy-two Indian chiefs were subsequently imprisoned for three years.

Burke Act of 1906

Indians who took up life apart from their tribes became citizens immediately under this act of 1906.

Joseph Glidden

Inventor of barbed wire in 1873

Anti-Debris Association

Irate California farmers in the fertile Central Valley formed this organization in 1878, and on January 7, 1884, won the court case Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel Mining Company after failing to enact political action through state legislation because "mining companies controlled the votes".

Nevada

Largely on account of the settlers attracted to the Comstock Lode, this location became a territory in 1861 and a state in 1864-- just in time to cast three electoral votes for Lincoln, which would have been two if the third electoral voter had not been caught in a snowstorm.

Great Sioux War

Lasting for fifteen months and fifteen battles and including George A. Custer's annihilation at at the Battle of Little Bighorn, this campaign led against the heroic Chief Sitting Bull was the largest military event since the end of the Civil War and one of the largest campaigns against Indians in American history. (Also involved Custer's reckless expedition into the Black Hills, and atrocities of enforcement by milita with the boundaries thereof.)

Washington Duke

Legendary farmer of the American Tobacco Family--along with his two sons, including James Buchanan Duke

John M. Chivington

Militia under this man slaughtered 200 peaceful Indians at Fort Lyon in the Colorado territory.

Rutherford B. Hayes

President who resumed power after the Compromise of 1877; made a pro-Indian comment about how poorly the American government had treated Indians in the past in his annual message of 1877: "Many, if not most, of our Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part."

"A Century of Dishonor"

Pro-Indian book published in 1881 and written by novelist and poet Henry Hunt Jackson.

Joseph G. McCoy

Recognized the possibilities of moving the cattle trade west; successful Americna entrepeneur/formerly livestock dealer.

Yankees

Redeemers/Bourbons were thought to save the South from political domination by this political group. Also a terrible baseball team.

Bureau of Reclamation

Set up by the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1901

Benjamin Tillman

South Carolina Senator and outspoken racist, who declared in 1892 that blacks "must remain subordinate or be exterminated."

Wovoka/Jack Wilson

Started the Ghost Dance craze late in 1888 after being inspired by an ill and delirious dream; played off of legends of a coming messiah to save the Indian peoples.

Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel Mining Company

That really important case--first really actually important environmental court case--"first major environmental ruling in the nation"--hydraulic mining "dried up" as a result of this.

Frontier Thesis

That special thing thought up by Frederick Jackson Turner, seen in "The Significance of the Frontier in American History", a paper delivered to the American Historical Association in 1893. Also included along with the "safety valve" concept.

"barbed-wire wars"

That thing, with farmers against ranchers, and cutting their barbed wire fences.

Mary Church Terrell

The first president of the National Association of Colored Women, she said that her the association's members had an obligation to serve the "lowly, the illiterate,and even the vicious to whom we are bound by the ties of race and sex, and put forth ever effort to uplift and reclaim them."

12 billion

Tons of earth blasted out of the Sierra Nevadas by hydraulic cannons and whatnot, and washed into local rivers.

Phosphate fertilizers

Used to accelerate the growing cycle, but their extensive use only accelerated soil depletion, leading to soil erosion and environmental ruin in the South

The Crisis

W.E.B. DuBois was the editor of this journal.

"Buffalo Soldiers"

With several members given congressional medals of honor, this was a name given for members of these two "colored" cavalry units.